Appalachian Mushrooms. Walter E. Sturgeon
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NAME: Chromosera cyanophylla (Fr.) Redhead, Ammirati, and Norvell
SYNONYM: Mycena lilacifolia (Peck) A. H. Sm.
COMMON NAME: None
FAMILY: Hygrophoraceae
CAP: Up to 1 in. wide; color variable, violaceous, or bright yellow when young, fading to pale yellow or whitish; convex to nearly flat, with a central umbilicus; surface viscid, translucent striate
FLESH: Pale, unchanging when exposed; thin; odor mild; taste unknown
GILLS: Lavender fading to pinkish lavender, at times yellow; subdistant; broad; edges even; subdecurrent; no partial veil
STEM: Up to 1 in. long; lavender at first but soon yellowish, fading to pale yellow; equal or with a small basal bulb; hollow; fragile; surface viscid, shiny; base with lavender mycelium
SPORE PRINT: White
ECOLOGY: Saprobic on decorticated conifer logs, often in moss; scattered to gregarious; fruits in cool weather, spring, and fall; occasional
EDIBILITY: Unknown
COMMENTS: When in prime condition, this is an eye-catching little mushroom. The gills keep their lavender color, contrasting nicely with the yellowish caps. It is found throughout Appalachia but is not common and is often overlooked owing to its small size.
Chromosera cyanophylla
Chromosera cyanophylla
MEDIUM TO LARGE WHITE-SPORED TERRESTRIAL MUSHROOMS
Tricholoma and Melanoleuca
TRICHOLOMA IS A white-spored genus of generally medium to large mushrooms. Many species have a mealy odor. The gill attachment to the stem is typically notched. Many Tricholoma species fruit late in the season, often under conifers and after the first frosts. Identification of some of the gray and brown species is very difficult. The species included here can be identified relatively easily. One species of Melanoleuca is included here. Melanoleuca is a difficult genus to identify in the field. Many species are relatively uncommon. They typically have flat, umbonate caps with uplifted margins in age, and relatively long stems. Only one species is included here.
Melanoleuca alboflavida
Tricholoma intermedium
Tricholoma portentosum
Tricholoma virgatum
Key to Tricholoma and Melanoleuca
1. With a ring on the stem; cap white with brown fibers: Tricholoma caligatum (p. 89)
2. Ring absent; odor mealy; cap with yellowish-brown or reddish-brown scales or fibers: Tricholoma vaccinum (p. 94)
3. Ring absent; odor mealy; cap umbonate; cap yellowish to greenish yellow: Tricholoma davisiae (p. 95)
4. Ring absent; odor mealy or not distinctive; cap white, may have blue or yellowish stains: Tricholoma subresplendens (p. 91)
5. Ring absent; odor fragrant; cap not umbonate, with olive tints: Tricholoma saponaceum (p. 93)
6. Ring absent; odor unpleasant, like coal tar; gills white to cream; under conifers: Tricholoma inamoenum (p. 90)
7. Ring absent; odor unpleasant, like coal tar; gills yellow to yellowish buff; under broadleaf trees: Tricholoma odorum (p. 92)
8. Ring absent; odor fragrant; stem with black scabers: Melanoleuca verrucipes (p. 98)
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken
SYNONYM: Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet
COMMON NAME: None
FAMILY: Tricholomataceae
CAP: Up to 6 in. wide; white ground color, covered all over or at the center with brown, appressed fibers or scales; nearly round at first, becoming broadly convex to nearly flat; surface dry or tacky when wet; margin turned under and cottony at first, becoming expanded to uplifted, with veil remnants at times
FLESH: White to cream, unchanging when exposed; thick; odor mild; taste very bitter
GILLS: White, with brown stains in age, at times with bluish hues; attached, becoming notched; close to crowded; broad; edges even; at first covered by a thick membranous partial veil
STEM: Up to 4 in. long; white above the ring, brown scaled below, much like the cap; equal or tapering down; surface dry, covered from the base upward with a brown, scaled sheath that ends in a flaring ring, which is white above and brownish below
SPORE PRINT: White
ECOLOGY: Mycorrhizal with oaks and hemlock; scattered to gregarious in humus in broadleaf and mixed woods; late summer, fall, and early winter; locally common
EDIBILITY: Not edible owing to very bitter taste
COMMENTS: This is the common variety in the Appalachians. There are other varieties that have a fragrant odor and mild taste. These are generally considered edible. Future study may reveal new species in this group.
Tricholoma caligatum
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Tricholoma inamoenum (Fr.) Gillet
SYNONYM: None
COMMON NAME: None
FAMILY: Tricholomataceae
CAP: Up to 2 in. wide; whitish to pale buff; convex to broadly convex, becoming flat, at times with a low, broad umbo; surface smooth and bald