A Guide to the Scientific Career. Группа авторов
Читать онлайн книгу.
of new ideas and share them with others. There is an instinct to keep ideas to yourself because of theft, but the reality is that most people share similar ideas. And being able to share, amend, and synthesize fosters greater ideas that lead to innovation.
13 Don't hesitate to take action if you have an idea. Nothing is more satisfying for an intellectual person than learning, and nothing is more rewarding to him/her than taking into practice what has been learned.
14 Establish a meaningful network. Networking is more than making friends; it is about creating a web of resources, allies, and thought partners who can help you see the full distance to your definition of success.
15 Actively seek advice and constructive criticism. Ask for help. Part of establishing a network is having a group of people whom you can seek out for advice and criticism that can help carry you over slow periods on your path to success.
16 Get out of your comfort zone. Being comfortable is the enemy of success. If you are comfortable, you are no longer challenging yourself to overcome obstacles. A comfort zone is not about happiness, but about settling for what you have, not what you are seeking.
17 Adequately credit others for their contributions. Consider this a rule for yourself, an academic obligation or a divine responsibility. The importance of this in academic collaboration cannot be overstated.
18 Identify problems and offer solutions. Problem solving is an important component of long‐term and short‐term planning. Being able to see problems and offer solutions allows you to overcome pitfalls and adapt to a changing environment.
19 Demonstrate reasonable flexibility and regularly assess your personal development and growth. Adaptation is a big part of success, largely because life changes around you whether you want it to or not. Being flexible to changing circumstances allows you to assess where you are on your path to success.
20 Exercise regularly. Very successful people will appreciate how important a fit and healthy body is for a great mind. Exercise also allows you to focus and reduce anxiety, which are important when dealing with high‐stress situations that can arise in day‐to‐day business.
21 Don't give up. In many ways, perseverance and an attitude of not giving up might be the most important component of all. Innovation comes from going where others might not otherwise have gone. Even when times become hard, reassess and adapt in order to reach your definition of success.
1.5 Enhancers or Catalysts Are External Factors that Enhance One's Chance of Success
The right people foster teamwork. The right people share your passion, your interests, and your motivation to succeed. Build a network that allows you to succeed. This can include critics (who challenge you), mentors and role models (who guide and inspire you), friends (who support you), and family (who support you unconditionally).
1.6 Inhibitors Are Internal or External Factors that Diminish One's Chance of Success
1 Fear of success. Pursue whatever you wish without fear, or don't wish it at all. Fear stands in the way of your dreams and definition of success because it blocks out the ability to see exactly what you need to do and how far you have come.
2 Procrastination. Wasting time delays the process of reaching your definition of success. Time is of the essence and a sense of urgency eliminates the tendency to put off what can be completed now. Don't let a day go by without working toward your goals.
3 Heavy multitasking. Being able to multitask is a wonderful skill; however, taking on too much can be disastrous. It places more in your way than you can reasonably handle, making it more difficult to feel accomplished and satisfied. Be efficient with your time and choose your tasks wisely.
4 Arrogance. Confidence in yourself is good. Arrogance, however, is the kind of excessive confidence that obfuscates how well (or poorly) you are doing and engenders lack of cooperation by peers and friends. Nothing is a quicker turnoff to potential investors and partners than acting as though you are the center of the universe.
5 Clutter. Disorganization of mind and goals is one of the worst things you can do to yourself relative to success. A cluttered understanding of your goals or actions creates difficulties in measuring your definition of success. Ditch the clutter and get organized.
6 Lack of focus. This is particularly common, as focus is driven by motivation. If you don't know what you are working toward, it is difficult to know where to focus. Creating short‐term and long‐term goals allows you to decide where to focus your attention.
7 Self‐doubt. Confidence is important, and self‐doubt is the antithesis of confidence in your abilities and goals. Cast out doubt and embrace action.
8 Envy. Envy is operationally characterized by jealousy combined with action to hurt. Envy is the enemy of success because it ignores your definition of success. What you need to focus on is what you want from life, not what others are achieving.
9 Nonconstructive criticism. There is nothing wrong with criticism if its aim is to improve something. However, criticism intended only to be critical serves no one except the critic. Beware people who only tell you the problems they see without any constructive advice.
10 Myths and the wrong mindset. Magical thinking is a propensity to imagine mystical, mythical, or unknown forces to explain behaviors and outcomes. This kind of mindset sets you up to blind you to what you ought to do and to what you are doing wrong. Exchange magical thinking for discipline and goal orientation, and you will be back on the path of success in no time.
11 Urge to please others. Being empathetic and having high emotional intelligence is a good thing. However, aiming to please others instead of reaching goals sets you up for failure. Lead by example, set goals, and persevere. Leave people pleasing to those who lack goals.
Reference
1 Wilson LO (2017) Levels of creativity. [WWW] The Second Principle, The work of Leslie Owen Wilson. Available from: http://thesecondprinciple.com/creativity/creativetraits/levels-of-creativity (Accessed 14 December 2017).
2 Qualities of Research Scientists: Personality and Leadership Attributes of Research Team Members
Fred Bertino 1, and Mohammadali M. Shoja 2
1Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
2Division of General Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago Metropolitan Group Hospitals, Chicago, IL, USA
2.1 Leadership
Several leadership types have been described that may be applied to any field of study. The leadership style of a researcher is a component of the personality that often dictates how interpersonal relations between team members result in an effective and productive work. Trait theory suggests that leadership qualities are inborn and usually result in a leader who is charismatic, friendly, motivational, and intelligent (Sims 2009). By contrast, behavior theory of leadership includes four specific types of leaders: autocratic, bureaucratic, participative, and free rein (Sims 2009; Hanna 1999).
Autocratic leaders tend to be inflexible and unwilling to accept input from others. Though rigid, they tend to be confident, knowledgeable, and have significant control over the group and project workflow. Bureaucratic leaders hold rules and regulations in high esteem and use guidelines as primary support for project development. Similarly rigid, bureaucratic leaders hold strict adherence to formal instructions to complete tasks. Participative leaders are more open to group suggestion when it comes to problem solving and decision‐making. Though inclusive, the efficiency of the group may be lessened when compared to authoritative and bureaucratic leaders from