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- main lines in use:

       28,000 (1996)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       1,300 (1996)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: NA

       domestic: good automatic telephone system

       international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station -

       1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba

       (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)

      Radios:

       36,000 (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       2 (1997)

      Televisions:

       31,000 (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .ag

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       16 (2000)

      Internet users:

       5,000 (2001)

      Transportation Antigua and Barbuda

      Railways:

       total: 77 km

       narrow gauge: 64 km 0.760-m gauge; 13 km 0.610-m gauge (used almost

       exclusively for handling sugarcane) (2001 est.)

      Highways:

       total: 250 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       none

      Ports and harbors:

       Saint John's

      Merchant marine:

       total: 816 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,135,866 GRT/6,648,143 DWT

       note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of

       convenience: Australia 1, Bangladesh 2, Belgium 3, Colombia 1, Cuba

       1, Estonia 1, Germany 747, Greece 1, Iceland 8, Latvia 1, Lebanon 2,

       Lithuania 1, Netherlands 22, New Zealand 2, Portugal 1, Slovenia 6,

       South Africa 1, Sweden 2, United Kingdom 1, United States 7 (2002

       est.)

       ships by type: bulk 16, cargo 474, chemical tanker 8, combination

       bulk 3, container 255, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large-load

       carrier 6, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 8, roll on/roll

       off 35

      Airports:

       3 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 2

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

       under 914 m: 1 (2002)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 1

       under 914 m: 1 (2002)

      Military Antigua and Barbuda

      Military branches:

       Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda

       Police Force (including the Coast Guard)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $NA

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       NA%

      Transnational Issues Antigua and Barbuda

      Disputes - international:

       none

      Illicit drugs:

       considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the

       US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

      ======================================================================

      @Arctic Ocean

      Introduction Arctic Ocean

      Background:

       The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after

       the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently

       delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and

       Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal

       waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes

       circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.

      Geography Arctic Ocean

      Location:

       body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north

       of the Arctic Circle

      Geographic coordinates:

       90 00 N, 0 00 E

      Map references:

       Arctic Region

      Area:

       total: 14.056 million sq km

       note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea,

       East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara

       Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies

      Area - comparative:

       slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US

      Coastline:

       45,389 km

      Climate:

       polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively

       narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by

       continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear

       skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy

       weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

      Terrain:

       central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that

       averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may

       be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort

       Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New

       Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and

       Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer,

       but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the

       encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental

       shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central

       basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera,

       Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Fram Basin −4,665 m

       highest point: sea level 0 m

      Natural resources:

       sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules,

       oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)

      Natural hazards:

       ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island;

       icebergs calved

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