The Jacquard Machine Analyzed and Explained. E. A. Posselt
Читать онлайн книгу.
Sometimes a few of the needles and hooks from the reserve are added to the main part of the needles and hooks. For example: Take a design in which the ground weave repeats on 12 ends; working a 400 machine, we find:
400 ÷ 12 = 33 repeats of the weave, less 4 hooks;
Consequently, if this ground-weave is repeated all over the width of the fabric, we must use either:
396 hooks, leaving 4 hooks more to be added to the two rows already used; or 408 hooks, requiring us to call upon the reserve rows for eight extra hooks.
Hooks which have no leashes adjusted must be taken out of the machine.
Sometimes two, three, or more, machines are employed on one loom, and may be worked in different manners. In this country Jacquard machines, for power as well as hand-looms, are made of iron, whereas in Europe the machines for hand-looms (comprising the greater part of the Jacquard machines in use) are made of wood; using the iron ones only for power-looms; and even yet, in most cases, the wooden machines are used for the latter.
Illustrations of the Different Parts of the Jacquard Machine.—Method of Operation, etc.
Every Jacquard machine may be divided into the following parts:
Fig. I.
1. The Frame and the Perforated Board through which
the neck-cords are passed.
2. The Griffe and necessary attachments for lifting the
same.
3. The Hooks.
4. The Needles.
5. The Springs and Spring Frame.
6. The Needle-board.
7. The Cylinder, Hammer,
and Batten.
8. The Catches.
9. The Cards.
10. The Jacquard Harness.
THE FRAME.
Fig. I.,[A] represents the side view of the “frame” of a common 200 Jacquard machine by a, b, c, d. The width of the frame in its main part [see 6 to 7] is 9–½ inches.
1–⅛ inches is the width of the iron casting at the places marked 8 and 9.
2 inches is the height of casting at the place indicated by 1.
1–½ inches is the height of casting at the place indicated by 3.
1–¾ inches is the height of casting at the place indicated by 5.
The open part of the frame, marked 2 in drawing, is 6 inches high.
The open part of the frame, marked 4 in drawing, is 5 inches high. Hence, the main height of the frame is as follows:
| 1 = 2 | inches. |
| 2 = 6 | inches. |
| 3 = 1–½ | inches. |
| 4 = 5 | inches. |
| 5 = 1–¾ | inches. |
| ------- | |
| 16–¼ inches main height. |
[A] For illustration of the present article a 200 Jacquard machine is used, illustrated on pages 11–17 by Figs. I. to XI., which contains the same principles of construction as any other size machine. These illustrations are drawn one-fourth of the actual size; hence, any measures, etc., we have omitted may readily be found by any student.
THE PERFORATED BOARD.
Fig. II.
The perforated bottom board, through which the neck-cords are passed, contains one hole for every hook in the machine, and is illustrated in Fig. II. separately. It shows the following measurements:
| Entire width of board | = | 8 inches. | |
| Entire length of board | = | 12 inches. | |
| Thickness of board | = | ¾ inches. |
| Distance of holes from each centre, | {a, in length of board, 0.27 inch. (See l to b.) | ||
| {b, in width of board,⅞ inch. (See m to w.) | |||
Distance of first row from the part of the frame illustrated in Fig. I., 2–¾ inches. Distance of first row from the rear part of the frame, 2–½ inches.
This board is fastened by screws to the frame at places indicated in Fig. I. by 11 and 12.
THE PLUNGER.
Besides the frame, Fig. I. illustrates: Under I. the Jacquard plunger,¾ inch diameter, for guiding the griffe (attached to its head) when raising. To strengthen the steadiness of this latter movement shoulders are attached to the frame at the three places where the plunger slides.
| Height of frame at k, | = 2–¾ inches. |
| Height of frame at l, | = 2 inches. |
|
Height of frame at |