Philosophiae Moralis Institutio Compendiaria, with A Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy. Francis Hutcheson
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290. Civitas definitur. [The definition of State.] ib. civile et despoticum contraria. [Civil and despotic power are opposite.] ib.
Cap. V. De interna civitatum structura, et summae potestatis partibus. [On the internal structure of States; and the parts of supreme Power.] 291.
1. Ex solo populi consensu oritur jus imperandi. [Civil power only arises from the consent of the people.] 292. Unica exceptio. [The sole exception.] ib.
2. Tres actus in imperio constituendo. [Three deeds necessary to constitute a state.] 293. Quo modo ad posteros transmittatur obligatio civilis. [How posterity is bound.] ib. <x>
3. Civitas una persona. jus omne publicum quale. [The state is conceived as one person. The nature of publick law.] 295.
4. Potestatis summae partes immanentes vel transeuntes. [The several parts of supreme power.] ib. Immanentes tres. [Three immanent.] ib. Transeuntes duae. [Two transient.] ib. Jus imperii eminens. [The greater rights.] 297. Jura majestatis minora. [The smaller rights.] ib.
5. Quis summum habet imperium. [Who has the supreme power.] ib. In omni civitate majestas eadem. [In every State the same sovereignty.] 298. Quaenam civitates foederatae, quid systema civitatum. [What is an alliance of States, what is a System of States.] ib.
Cap. VI. De variis rerumpub. formis. [Of the various forms of government.] 299.
1. Simplicium tria genera. [Three simple kinds.] ib.
2. Cujusque plures species. [Of each several species.] 300. Mixtarum ingens numerus. [A great number of mixed forms.] 301.
3. Quatuor in politia spectanda. [Four main advantages to be pursued.] ib. Imperii nexus inter eos qui reipub. praesunt. [Some civil bond of union among the subjects in which power is lodged.] 302. Dominium est unicum potestatis fundamentum. [Power only rests on property.] ib. Absint parum civilia jura aut privilegia. [No unequal privileges should be granted.] 303. Quid praecipuè per politiam praecavendum. [What especially to beware of.] ib. Quis civium numerus maximè idoneus. [The fittest number of citizens for a State.] 304.
4. Monarchiae opportunitates, legibus circumscriptae praecipuè. [The advantages and disadvantages of monarchy, especially of those limited by laws.] 305. Aristocratiae commoda et incommoda. [The advantages and disadvantages of aristocracy.] ib. Democratiae item. [And of democracy.] 306. Tabellarum usus. [The use of the ballot.] ib.
5. Formae mixtae omnium optimae. [Mixed forms of government are the best of all.] ib. Quae praecipuè in iis observanda. [What especially is to be observed in them.] 307–309.
Cap. VII. De summi imperii Jure, ejusque acquirendi rationibus. [On the Rights of supreme Power, and the Ways of acquiring it.] 309.
1. Potestas in diversis civitatibus diversa. Quae justa. [Power different in different States. Which one is just.] 310. De Imperii Jure Divino. [On civil power by divine right.] ib.
2. 3. Populo sui defendendi jus est, contra eos qui Reipub. praesunt. [The people has a right of defence against those who govern.] 311. Interregnum. [The nature of an inter-regnum.] 313.
4. Officia adversum Reges. [What is due to princes.] 314.
5. Libertas naturalis et civilis. [Liberty natural and civil.] 315.
6. Qualis rectorum sanctitas et majestas, et unde. [Which are the sacred rights and majesty of governors, and from where.] ib.
7. Nulla imperii forma a Deo praescripta. [No form of government ordered by God.] 316.
8. 9. Quale jus imperii ex victoria. [What right to rule from conquest.] 317.
10. Regna patrimonialia nullo jure arrogantur. [Patrimonial kingdoms are not granted by any right.] 320. <xi>
11. De succedendi jure, quique regnorum haeredes excludendi. [On the right of succession and of excluding heirs.] 321.
12. De Regis aut populi jure in colonias. [The right of people or king over their colonies.] 323.
Cap. VIII. De Legibus condendis et Jurisdictione. [On making Civil Laws and on their Execution.] 325.
1. Quousque circa hominum sententias, ritusque sacrorum, pertineat potestas civilis. [What is relevant to civil power in the religious opinions and worship of men.] 325–327.
2. Virtutes fovendae. Temperantia. [Virtues to be chiefly encouraged. Temperance.] ibid.
3. 4. Diligentia, industria. [Diligence, Industry.] 330. Justitia. [Justice.] ib.
5. Fortitudo, et scientia militaris. [Fortitude and military arts.] 331.
6. Prohibenda exterorum in civitate potestas. [No subjects should depend on any foreign State or power.] 332.
7. Legum civilium materia. [The subject-matter of civil laws.] ib.
8. Legum sanctiones. Existimatio, honor. [The sanctions of laws. Reputation. Honours.] 333.
9. Poenae et castigationis natura. [The nature of punishment and chastisement.] 334. poenarum mensura. [The measure of punishment.] ib. Quae προσωποληψία damnanda. [What respect of persons lawful, what unlawful.]
10. De poenis universitatum. [On the punishment of corporations.] 336.
11. Leges de tributis sanctissime servandae. [Obligation to pay tribute.] 337.
12. Civium officia adversus civitatis rectores. [The duties of citizens toward governors.] ib.
Cap. IX. De Jure Belli. [The Rights of War.] 339.
1. Belli jura eadem quae in libertate. [The rights of war are the same as in natural liberty.] ib. Bellum solenne. [Solemn war.] ib. Indictio non necessaria. [A previous declaration not necessary.] 340.
2. 3. Jus gentium necessarium et voluntarium. [Publick law, necessary or voluntary.] 341. Belli causae et termini. [The causes and terms of war.] ib. Quae fallendi artes licitae. [Which arts of deceiving are lawful.] 342. Jura voluntaria. [Voluntary laws of war.] ib.
4. Quo jure res hostium capiuntur. [The right of seizing the goods of enemies.] 343.
5. Quae civitates medias spectant jura. [Laws relating to neutral states.] 344. De perfugis protegendis. [The protection of fugitives.] 347.
Cap. X. De Foederibus, Legatis, et Civitatum interitu. [On Treaties, Ambassadors, and the dissolution of Civil Societies.] 348.
1. Quando danda exceptio vis et metus. [When objection arises from force or fear.] ib. Foedera realia et personalia. [Real and personal treaties.] 349.
2. Omnes legati liberarum civitatum pares. [The rights of ambassadors of independent States are all the same.] ib. legatorum jura. [The rights of ambassadors.] 350.
3. De civili vinculo solvendo. [How states are dissolved.] 352.
4. Quo jure civitas sui partem, aut provinciam, aut civem strenuum dedere potest. [Rights of alienating parts of the State or provinces, or of giving up citizens.] ib.
5. Civitate deleta, quo jure sint cives et provinciae. [The rights of provinces and citizens of a destroyed state.] 354. Civium manente civitate officia. [Our duty to our Country.] 355.
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