Bovine Reproduction. Группа авторов

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Bovine Reproduction - Группа авторов


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The arterial blood supply to each testis is provided by a testicular artery, a direct branch of the abdominal aorta arising caudal to the renal arteries. The testicular artery crosses the lateral abdominal wall and then passes ventrally through the inguinal canal [10]. As the testicular artery approaches the testis it begins to spiral, with the nearby tortuous pampiniform plexus of the testicular vein forming a vascular cone. This arterial/venous arrangement is an effective thermoregulatory apparatus [11].

Photo depicts arterial supply to the penis.

      Nervous Supply

Photo depicts nerves of the penis.

      Accessory Glands

Photo depicts secondary sex glands: Am = ampulla, Vs = vesicular glands, P = prostate, Bu = bulbourethral gland, Ub = urinary bladder.

      1 1 Nickel, R., Schummer, A., Seiferle, E., and Sack, W.O. (eds.) (1973). The Viscera of the Domestic Mammals. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, xiv, p. 401.

      2 2 Johnson, A., Gomes, W., and Vandemark, N. (1970). The Testis. New York;: Academic Press, v, illus. 3.

      3 3 McGavin, M. and Zachary, J. (2007). Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4e, 1476. St Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

      4 4 Schaller, O. and Constantinescu, G. (1992). Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. Stuttgart: F. Enke Verlag, vi, p. 614.

      5 5 Ross, M., Kaye, G., and Pawlina, W. (2003). Histology: A Text and Atlas, 4e, 875. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

      6 6 Mullins, K. and Saacke, R. (2003). Illustrated Anatomy of the Bovine Male and Female Reproductive Tracts: From Gross to Microscopic, 79. Columbia, MO: National Association of Animal Breeders.

      7 7 Watson, J. (1964). Mechanism of erection and ejaculation in the bull and ram. Nature 204: 95–96.

      8 8 Budras, K.‐D. (2003). Bovine Anatomy: An Illustrated Text, 138. Hannover, Germany: Schlütersche.

      9 9 Ashdown, R. and Smith, J. (1969). The anatomy of the corpus cavernosum penis of the bull and its relationship to spiral deviation of the penis. J. Anat. 104: 153–160.

      10 10 Schummer, A., Wilkens, H., Vollmerhaus, B., and Habermehl, K.‐H. (1981). The Circulatory System, the Skin, and the Cutaneous Organs of the Domestic Mammals, 158. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag.

      11 11 Brito, L., Silva, A., Barbosa, R., and Kastelic, J. (2004). Testicular thermoregulation in Bos indicus, crossbred and Bos taurus bulls: relationship with scrotal, testicular vascular cone and testicular morphology, and effects on semen quality and sperm production. Theriogenology 61: 511–528.

      12 12 Ashdown, R., Gilanpour, H., David, J., and Gibbs, C. (1979). Impotence in the bull. (2) Occlusion of the longitudinal canals of the corpus cavernosum penis. Vet. Rec. 104: 598–603.

      13 13 Beckett, S., Wolfe, D., Bartels, J. et al. (1997). Blood flow to the corpus cavernosum penis in the bull and goat buck during penile quiescence. Theriogenology 48: 1061–1069.

       Peter L. Ryan1 and Federico G. Hoffmann2

       1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA

       2 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA


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