Bovine Reproduction. Группа авторов

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Bovine Reproduction - Группа авторов


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A cystic distension of the head of the epididymis is shown in Figure 10.9. It is worth noting that cysts of the appendix epididymis (proximal mesonephric duct remnant) are also found in this area and even those as large as a few centimeters in diameter usually do not interfere with normal epididymal function [6]. The epididymal tail (Figure 10.10) can be difficult to image with a transrectal probe and for fine detail one should consider using a higher‐frequency probe with a smaller footprint. Congenital, traumatic, and inflammatory lesions can be seen here, with sperm stasis and granuloma formation as possible sequelae. Alterations of size and echogenicity are characteristic of disease in this tissue. Multiple small sperm granulomas are visible as focal hyperechoic lesions in the tail of the epididymis (Figure 10.11).

Photo depicts sagittal view of the testis. Note the hypoechoic dilations (arrows) in or near the head of the epididymis. Normal testis parenchyma is seen to the right of the cysts. Photo depicts sagittal view of the ventral testis (large arrow) and tail of the epididymis (small arrow) of a normal bull. Photo depicts transverse view of the ventral aspect of the right testis of an aged beef bull. The tail of the epididymis is seen between the arrows. The small white foci seen in the epididymal tissue between the arrows are sperm granulomas. Photo depicts sagittal view of the dorsal testis. The small arrow points to a traumatic lesion of the testis capsule and visceral vaginal tunic. The hypoechoic fluid surrounding the testicle is a persistent scrotal hydrocele (large arrow). Photo depicts sagittal view of the vascular cone (between small arrows) just dorsal to the testis (large arrow). The lumen of the testicular artery is represented by the black irregular areas in the vascular cone. The network of veins forming the pampiniform plexus is not usually visible due to their small size.

Photo depicts midline sagittal view of the body of the prostate gland (ovoid tissue above arrow). Dorsal is on top, ventral on the bottom, cranial to the left, and caudal to the right. Photo depicts sagittal view of the urethralis just caudal to the body of the prostate. The horizontal arrows on the left point to the more hypoechoic urethral muscle above and below the urethra. The more hyperechoic tissue between the vertical arrows is the cavernous tissue immediately surrounding the pelvic urethra.
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