Nano-Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity. Javid A. Parray

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Nano-Technological Intervention in Agricultural Productivity - Javid A. Parray


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Schematic illustration of the description of fullerenes or buck balls (a) C60 and (b) C70.

      Source: From Khan et al. [2]. © 2017, Elsevier.

      NPs from ceramics are inorganic non‐metallic solids synthesized by heat and cooling. They are used in amorphous, polycrystalline, solid, porous, or hollow [18] forms. Because of their use in catalysis, photocatalysis, colour photodegradation, and imaging, these NPs offer substantial interest from researchers [19].

      Semiconductor materials have properties between metals and non‐metals, and because of this property, they find different applications in the literature [20]. Semiconductor NPs have large band gaps, demonstrating significant modifications to their properties with band gap tuning. Items of great significance also include photocatalysis, photo‐optics, and electronic devices [21]. Because of their appropriate band gap and band edge positions, the range of semiconductor NPs is considered exceptionally efficient in water splitting applications [22].

      These substances are used for a wide range of commercial applications, such as fillers [15], effective adsorbents of environmental remedial gases [16], and as a support medium for various inorganic and organic calculators because they give specific physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics [23].

      The larger molecules are disintegrated into smaller units by a destructive process, and these units are transformed into useful NPs, for example, grinding/milling, CVDs, physical vapour deposition, etc. [29]. This approach is generally used to synthesize NPs from coconut shells (CSs). The milling method is used, whereby raw CS powders were finely milled using ceramic balls and a well‐known planetary mill at different time intervals. Via other characterization techniques, the influence of the milling period on the overall size of the NPs is shown.

Schematic illustration of the synthetic models of NPs: top-down and bottom-up approach.

      Source: Modified from Iravani [29].


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