«Порог толерантности». Идеология и практика нового расизма. Виктор Шнирельман
Читать онлайн книгу.
align="center">
546
Григулевич И. Р. и др. (ред.). Документы обличают расизм. М.: Наука, 1968. С. 168–170.
547
Breytenbach W. J. The new racism. Cape Town: Maskew Miller, 1978. P. 6–7. По словам Дж. Фредриксона, идеология апартеида стремилась приспособить романтический национализм Гердера и Фихте к условиям Южной Африки. См.: Fredrickson G. M. Racism: a short history. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2002. P. 134–135.
548
Григулевич И. Р. и др. (ред.). Документы обличают расизм. С. 172.
549
Там же. С. 177–195. Подробно о режиме апартеида в ЮАР см.: Fredrickson G. M. White supremacy: a comparative study in American and South African history. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1981. P. 240–246.
550
О связи некоторых направлений неоязычества с расизмом и неонацизмом см.: Gardell M. Gods of the blood. The pagan revival and White separatism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2003.
551
Dyson M. E. Race rules. Navigating the color line. New York: Vintage, 1997. P. 85–86.
552
Chong K. H. What it means to be Christian: the role of religion in the construction of ethnic identity and boundary among second-generation Korean Americans // Baker L. D. (ed.). Life in America. Identity and everyday experience. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004. P. 87–106.
553
Fanon F. Toward the African revolution; political essays. London: Penguin Books, 1967. P. 42.
554
Barker M. The New Racism: conservatives and the ideology of the tribe. Frederick, Maryland: Aletheia Books, 1981. P. 21–22; Seidel G. Culture, nation and ‘race’ in the British and French New Right // Levitas R. (ed.). The ideology of the new right. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1986. P. 107–135; Gilroy P. ‘There ain’t no black in the Union Jack’. The cultural politics of race and nation. London: Unwin Hyman, 1987. P. 148–150; Anthias F., Yuval-Davis N. (in association with Cain H.). Racialized boundaries. Race, nation, gender, colour and class and the anti-racist struggle. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. P. 11–14, 57; Ansell A. E. New Right, New racism. New York: New York University Press, 1997. P. 19–22; MacMaster N. Racism in Europe, 1870–2000. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001. P. 193–198; Gilroy P. Between camps: nations, cultures and the allure of race. London: Routledge, 2004. P. 32–39.
555
Schuman H. Sociological racism // Trans-Action. December 1969. Vol. 7. P. 44–48.
556
Sears D. O., McConahay J. B. The politics of violence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973; McConahay J. B., Hough J. C. Symbolic racism // The Journal of Social Issues. 1976. Vol. 32. № 2. P. 23–45; Kinder D. R., Sears D. O. Prejudice and politics: symbolic racism versus racial threats to the good life // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1981. Vol. 40. P. 414–431; Sears D. O. Symbolic racism // Katz P. A., Taylor D. A. (eds.). Eliminating racism: profiles in controversy. New York: Plenum, 1988. P. 53–84; Ward D. Generations and the expression of symbolic racism // Political psychology. 1985. Vol. 6. № 1. P. 1–18; Weigel R. H., Howes P. W. Conceptions of racial prejudice: symbolic racism reconsidered // Journal of Social Issues. 1985. Vol. 41. № 3. P. 117–138; Van Dijk T. A. Communicating racism. Ethnic prejudice in thought and talk. Newbury Park: Sage Publishers, 1987. P. 368; Howell S. E., Warren S. Public opinion and David Duke // Ross D. D. (ed.). The Emergence of David Duke and the Politics of Race. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1992. P. 81, 85–86; Dyson M. E. Race rules. Navigating the color line. New York: Vintage, 1997. P. 35. См. также: Ashmore R. D., Del Boca F. K. Psychological approaches to understanding intergroup conflicts // Katz Ph. A. (ed.). Towards the elimination of racism. New York: Pergamon, 1976. P. 106–107.
557
De Rudder V., Poiret Ch., Vourc’h F. L’inégalité raciste. P. 42.
558
Essed Ph. Everyday racism: reports from women of two cultures. Claremont, CA: Hunter House Inc, 1990.
559
Gaertner S. L. Nonreactive measures in racial attitude research: a focus on «liberals» // Katz Ph. A. (ed.). Towards the elimination of racism. New York: Pergamon, 1976. P. 183–211; Gaertner S. L., Dovidio J. F. The aversive form of racism // Gaertner S. L., Dovidio J. F. (eds.). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1986. P. 61–89.
560
McConahay J. B. Self-interest versus racial attitudes as correlates of anti-busing attitudes in Louisville: is it the buses or the blacks? // Journal of politics. 1982. Vol. 44. № 3. P. 705, note 31; Idem. Modern racism, ambivalence, and the modern racism scale // Gaertner S. L., Dovidio J. F. (eds.). Prejudice, discrimination and racism. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986. P. 96.
561
Балибар Э., Валлерстайн И. Раса, нация, класс: двусмысленные идентичности. М.: Логос-Альтера, 2003. С. 27–39; Fernandez J. P. The impact of racism on Whites in corporate America // Bowser B. P., Hunt R. G. (eds.). Impacts of racism on White Americans. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 1996. P. 161; De Rudder V., Poiret Ch., Vourc’h F. L’inégalité raciste. P. 34; Mullings L. Interrogating racism: toward an antiracist anthropology // Annual review of anthropology. 2005. Vol. 34. P. 677. Одними из первых понятие «новый расизм» подхватили некоторые профессора из Южной Африки, оправдывавшие режим апартеида. Негативную реакцию международной общественности на этот режим они и назвали «новым расизмом», который якобы был направлен против белого населения ЮАР. См.: Breytenbach W. J. The new racism.
562
Bonnett A. Radicalism, anti-racism and representation. London: Routledge, 1993. P. 29–31.
563
MacMaster N. Racism in Europe, 1870–2000.