Globalization. George Ritzer
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53 Nederveen Pieterse, Jan. 2015. Globalization and Culture, 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
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55 Panitch, Leo, Sam Gindin, and James Parisot. 2013. “American Empire, Global Crisis, and the Rise of China: An Interview with Leo Panitch and Sam Gindin.” International Critical Thought 3 (2): 139–245.
56 Platt, Kevin Holden. 2013. “China’s Venetian Quandary: Chinese Artists.” New York Times June 11.
57 Portes, Alejandro. 2001. “Introduction: The Debates and Significance of Immigrant Transnationalism.” Global Networks 1 (3).
58 Rapoza, Kenneth. 2020. “The Post-Coronavirus World May Be the End of the Globalization.” Forbes April 3.
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66 Robinson, William I.2007. “Transnationality.” In Jan Aart Scholteand Roland Robertson, eds., Encyclopedia of Globalization. New York: MTM Publishing.
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71 Stacey, Oliver, Giulia De Lazzari, Hilary Grayson, Hazel Griffin, Emily Jones, Amanda Taylor, and David Thomas. 2018. The Globalization of Science Curricula. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
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73 Therborn, Goran. 2000. “Globalizations: Dimensions, Historical Waves, Regional Effects, Normative Governance.” International Sociology 15: 151–179.
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81 Zürn, Michael, and Pieter de Wilde. 2016. “Debating Globalization: Cosmopolitanism and Communitarianism as Political Ideologies.” Journal of Political Ideologies 21 (3): 280–301.
ADDITIONAL READINGS
1 Beck, Ulrich. 2016. The Metamorphosis of the World: How Climate Change Is Transforming Our Concept of the World. Malden, MA: Polity Press.
2 Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2007. In Defense of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press.
3 Chomsky, Noam. 2003. Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance. New York: Metropolitan Books.
4 Chomsky, Noam. 2013. Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire. New York: Metropolitan Books.
5 Gopinath, Chinnam. 2018. Globalization: A Multi-Dimensional System, 3rd ed. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
6 Harf, James, Mark Lombardi, and Marie Harf. 2018. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Global Issues, 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
7 Held, David, and Anthony McGrew. 2000. “The Great Globalization Debate: An Introduction.” In David Heldand Anthony McGrew, eds., The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debate. Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 1–50.
8 Hoffman, Stanley. 2002. “Clash of Globalizations.” Foreign Affairs 81 (4): 104/15.
9 Ritzer, George, and Zeynep Atalay, eds. 2010. Readings in Globalization: Key Concepts and Major Debates. Oxford: Blackwell.
10 Stacey, Oliver, Giulia De Lazzari, Hilary Grayson, Hazel Griffin, Emily Jones, Amanda Taylor, and David Thomas. 2018. The Globalization of Science Curricula. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
11 Zürn, Michael, and Pieter de Wilde. 2016. “Debating Globalization: Cosmopolitanism and Communitarianism as Political Ideologies.” Journal of Political Ideologies 21 (3): 280–301.
NOTES
1 1 The title of this chapter is derived from an anthology the first author edited many years ago. See Ritzer (1972).
2 2 Immigrants can be thought of as “transnational” when they are involved in a variety of relationships (e.g. social, economic, political) that cut across the nations of settlement and origin creating a new transnational field (Basch et al. 1994). While there are certainly many immigrants who fit into this category and their number is likely growing, there has been a tendency to overestimate their number and to conflate transmigrants and immigrants. Thus, Portes (2001a: 183) concludes: “It is more useful to conceptualize transnationalism as one form of economic, political and cultural adaptation that co-exists with other, more traditional forms [e.g. assimilation].” He usefully limits the idea of transnational activities to “those initiated and sustained by non-institutional actors, be they organized groups or networks of individuals across national borders. Many of these activities are informal, that is they take place outside the pale of state regulation and control… . they represent goal-oriented initiatives that require coordination across national borders by members of civil society. These activities are undertaken on their own behalf, rather than on behalf of the state or corporate bodies” (Portes 2001a: 186).
3 3 By the way, this idea of such a basic “urge” is quite controversial and is critiqued by postmodernists (and others) as being suggestive of “essentialism,” or the notion that there is some fundamental