Intelligent Systems for Rehabilitation Engineering. Группа авторов

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Intelligent Systems for Rehabilitation Engineering - Группа авторов


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Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, India

       Abstract

      Robots have been widely applied in the medical field to aid various surgeries and different therapies, to assist movement for patients with physical disabilities, etc. Although some review works have been carried out, trends and applications deliberated, and future of rehabilitation robotics has been forecasted, yet a consolidated survey was missing in the literature. The objective of this survey is to present a review of the rehabilitation robots, which will also open the reader to understand futuristic applications in this domain. Several researchers worked on the integrated architecture of human beings and robots with cognitive skills. The application of rehabilitation robots in orthotics and prosthetics has also been significant. The use of sensing technology in rehabilitation robots has also been addressed. Further, the scenario of rehabilitation robotics in Europe and the northern part of America is also highlighted in this work.

      Keywords: Rehabilitation robotics, assistance robots, neurological disorders, prosthetics, exo-skeleton, smart robotics

      A robotic ontology, called RehabRobo-Onto, was developed that displayed the information of rehabilitation. A software RehabRobo-Query for facilitating the ontology was presented [19]. fMRI compatible rehabilitation robotic glove was introduced for hand therapy and was equipped with a pneumatic actuator that generated motion [20]. RehabRobo-Onto, which was robotic ontology, was equipped with a method that answered natural language queries [21]. The estimation of force between joint position and joint actuation was done using an extended state observer (ESO) [22]. The process of recovery of upper limbs stroke patients was reviewed [23]. With the help of Virtual Gait Rehabilitation Robotics (ViGRR), a new concept of rehabilitation was introduced that did not require any therapist [24]. The properties of the exoskeleton robotic system were studied, and predictions regarding their benefit in coordination movements were done [25]. A design of the exoskeleton robotic system was proposed for the knee orthosis of poliomyelitis patients [26]. The previous reviews of such works can be found in [27, 28]. Work has also been conducted on the development of FCE using machine learning for rehabilitation robotics [29]. The applications of disturbance observer for rehabilitation and the challenges faced by them are presented in [30].

      1.2.1 Neurological and Cognitive

      Behavioral approaches have been proved effective in many cases for the treatment of patients with different injuries. A multidisciplinary behavioral approach was made for patients who had movement issues [31]. Neurological disorders have been faced by many patients due to some or other reasons. In [32], a pneumatic muscle actuated orthosis system was developed, and in [33], VR technologies were used with rehabilitation robotics for curing of neurologically disordered patients. The overview of the tools used for the rehabilitation of patients with weak limbs due to neurological disorders was presented [34].

      1.2.2 Stroke Patients

Ref. number Area of rehabilitation robotics explored Remarks
[35] MANUS robotic systems Different approaches used for treating disabled people and the main areas where MANUS system had significant effects were presented.
[36] Assistance using a performance-based-progressive theory A novel method for assistance was developed for stroke patients, and the assistance was based on speed, time, or EMG limits.
[37] Human-centered robotic systems The system was applied for the rehabilitation of the impaired stroke patients, and patient-cooperative system, which produced actions based on the actions of the patient, was presented.
[38] Knee rehabilitation device AKROD A device was designed particularly for stroke patients and consisted of damped closed-loop control and electro-rheological fluid.
[39] Haptic-based rehabilitation robot Virtual Gait Rehabilitation Robot (ViGRR) was
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