Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage. Группа авторов

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Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов


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in Vasco et al. (2008), the onset time can be related to the travel time of the pressure front initiated by the start of injection. Specifically, for an elastic medium and a sharp injection profile resembling a step function, the onset of the peak rate of volume change, T peak , is related to the phase σ of the propagating pressure front according to sigma equals StartRoot 6 upper T Subscript p e a k Baseline EndRoot (Vasco et al., 2000). For propagation governed by the diffusion equation, the phase is given by the solution of an eikonal equation,

      where γ (x) is the inverse of the hydraulic diffusivity (Vasco et al., 2000; Vasco & Datta‐Gupta. 2016, p. 138). The nonlinear, first‐order eikonal equation is equivalent to the system of ordinary differential equations,

      and

      where x(s) is the flow path in the porous medium and s is the distance along the path. These expressions may be used to find the hydraulic diffusivity, and consequently the effective permeability, within the reservoir. As was shown by Rucci et al. (2010), permeability estimates based upon diffusive travel times are primarily sensitive to the kinematics of the pressure propagation and not sensitive to the coupling between the magnitudes of reservoir pressure and volume change.

      In this section, we describe three large‐scale CO2 storage projects that made, or are making, use of geodetic monitoring. All three projects incorporated InSAR observations into their monitoring work flow.

      2.4.1. In Salah, Algeria

       Envisat Range Change Observations

Schematic illustration of range changes above the carbon storage site at In Salah, Algeria, 1,261 days after the start of injection.
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