Smart Grids and Micro-Grids. Umashankar Subramaniam
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1.9 Comparative analysis of maximum power at MPP for Shell SP70 panel wit...
2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Classification of ESS [5].Table 2.2 Comparison of physical characteristics for various kinds of energy st...Table 2.3 Specifications of the boost converter interfacing dc microgrid and bat...Table 2.4 Specifications of battery-converter system for AC microgrid.
3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Site location details.Table 3.2 Technical specifications.Table 3.3 Material design.Table 3.4 Inputs.Table 3.5 Results.Table 3.6 Contributions.Table 3.7 Emissions reduced.Table 3.8 Inputs.Table 3.9 Results.Table 3.10 Inputs to the panel efficiency estimator.Table 3.11 Results obtained from panel efficiency estimator.Table 3.12 Comparison of economic indices: simple and discounted payback period.
4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 RI of the system under study.Table 4.2 Parameters of the slow and fast charging station.Table 4.3 Test case scenarios for analysis.Table 4.4 Reliability indices for slow EV chargers.Table 4.5 Reliability indices for fast EV chargers.Table A1 Real and reactive power of the system under study (Bhadra et al., 2015...Table A2 Line data of the system under study (Bhadra et al., 2015).Table A3 Reliability assessment of the system under study (Aslanzadeh et al., 2...
5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Various stability issues in microgrid.
6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Rule base for fuzzy logic control.
7 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Micro-grid parameters.Table 9.2 Micro-grid parameters when load demand is rised.Table 9.3 Micro-grid parameters after disconnecting NCL2.Table 9.4 Micro-grid parameters, when power generation is decreased.Table 9.5 Micro-grid parameters after connection of DG.Table 9.6 Micro-grid parameters, when load demand is decreased.Table 9.7 Micro-grid parameters during light loading condition.
8 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Wireless communication technologies.
9 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Difference between the existing grid and modern grid.
10 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Communication requirements and potentialities of various networks in ...Table 14.2 Specification of wired and wireless technologies.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Equivalent circuit of SDM.Figure 1.2 Flowchart to evaluate the PV module parameters using NR method under ...Figure 1.3 Flowchart to evaluate the PV module parameters using NR method under ...Figure 1.4 Simulation results of KD245GX (a) P-V characteristics (b) I-V charact...Figure 1.5 Simulation results of SHELL SP70 (a) P-V characteristics (b) I-V char...Figure 1.6 (a) Experimental set up of HST60FXXXP 250 W SPV panel (b) Simulated a...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Distribution of worldwide operational ESS.Figure 2.2 Boost converter interfacing battery to dc microgrid.Figure 2.3 Typical configuration of the controller.Figure 2.4 Equivalent circuit of the converter.Figure 2.5 Waveforms under the condition when battery-converter system is connec...Figure 2.6 Waveforms under the condition when battery-converter system is in isl...Figure 2.7 Three-phase inverter interfacing battery to grid.Figure 2.8 Controller for inverter interfacing battery to grid.Figure 2.9 Performance of the controller when the battery converter system is in...Figure 2.10 Waveform of PCC voltage, real and reactive power exchanged fed for t...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 SO2 and CO2 emissions in Indian thermal power plants.Figure 3.2 Source wise installed capacity of India.Figure 3.3 Targeted installed solar capacity by 2022.Figure 3.4 PV economic performance assessment metrics. Figure 3.5 Economic Indices for performance analysis.Figure 3.6 Solar Photovoltaic plant at Renigunta Airport, Tirupati [15].
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 System under study.Figure 4.2 Mathematical evaluation of the system under study.Figure 4.3 Distribution network topology.Figure 4.4 Reliability indices for slow and fast EV chargers (a) SAIFI for diffe...
5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Control hierarchy and functions.Figure 5.2 Conceptual framework of hierarchical control.Figure 5.3 VSC interfaced DG and controllers.Figure 5.4 Power controller of VSC.Figure 5.5 Droop characteristics.Figure 5.6 Voltage controller of VSC.Figure 5.7 Current controller of VSC.Figure 5.8 Secondary controller.Figure 5.1 Microgrid SCADA architecture.Figure 5.10 FQB/VPD characteristic.Figure 5.11 Virtual impedance droop control.Figure 5.12 VSM droop control.Figure 5.13 Microgrid stability classification.
6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) module.Figure 6.2 Proposed fuzzy logic controller.Figure 6.3 Membership functions for input 1.Figure 6.4 Membership functions for input 2.Figure 6.5 Membership functions for output.Figure 6.6 Load demand curve.Figure 6.7 Mobility pattern of PEVs.Figure 6.8 Simulation results obtained in Scenario 1.Figure 6.9 Simulation results obtained in scenario 2.Figure 6.10 Charging or discharging rates of different categories of PEVs during...
7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Indian power sector – overview (as on 31.03.2020).Figure 7.2 Installed renewable power capacity (as on 31.05.2020).Figure 7.3 Installed capacity of hydro power plant from 2008 to 2018.Figure 7.4 Annual additions of renewable power capacity, by technology and total...Figure 7.5 Solar PV global capacity and annual additions, 2008-2018.Figure 7.6 Installed capacity of wind energy in India from 2010-2019.Figure 7.7 Rate of increase in energy production from RES’s in present and futur...
8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Interconnection of power, IT & communication technologies in smart gr...Figure 8.2 Substation automation network.Figure 8.3 Smart grid technology areas.Figure 8.4 Smart grid attributes.Figure 8.5 Smart meters.Figure 8.6 Schematic of OMS system.Figure 8.7 AMI interface.Figure 8.8 Interface of MDM with different devices/applications.Figure 8.9 SCADA architecture schematic.Figure 8.10 Smart home energy management system.Figure 8.11 A typical FPI and its placement at field.
9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Block diagram and photograph of micro-grid (a) Micro-grid block diagr...Figure 9.2 Flowchart.Figure 9.3 Photograph and flow chart. (a) Source and Load FPGA controllers conne...Figure 9.4 Initial state of micro-grid.Figure 9.5 Status of micro-grid with NCL2 disconnected.Figure 9.6 Status of micro-grid when DG is connected.Figure 9.7 Status of micro-grid under test case-3.Figure 9.8 Signal acquisition system.Figure 9.9 RMS and power modules.Figure 9.10 Online monitoring system flow chart.Figure 9.11 Online monitoring display under test case-2.
10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Projected emissions by country.Figure 10.2 Electric cars carbon emissions.Figure 10.3 Density of global energy shortages.Figure 10.4 Density of energy shortages in Africa.Figure 10.5 Microgrid.Figure 10.6 Smart grid.Figure 10.7 CO2 emissions from motorized.Figure 10.8 Energy consumption from