The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Carol A. Chapelle
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Cognition Multicompetence and Language Teaching Conclusions References Suggested Readings Multilingualism and the Internet Introduction Defining the Internet Different Ways of Using the Internet as a Source of Multilingual Data Paradigms of Research on Multilingualism on the Internet Multilingual Language Settings on the Internet Multilingual Internet Discourse as Heteroglossia Multilingualism on the Internet and Language Learning Conclusion References Suggested Readings Multilingualism and Metalinguistic Awareness Introduction: Multilingualism and General Cognitive Advantages Types of Metalinguistic Awareness Conditions Affecting the Development or Deployment of Metalinguistic Awareness Metalinguistic Awareness: Learning to Read, Learning Other Languages References Suggested Readings Multimodal Discourse Analysis References Suggested Readings Multimodal Interaction Analysis Background: Multimodal Interaction Analysis Unit of Analysis Modal Density Foreground–Background Continuum of Attention/Awareness Using Multimodal Interaction Analysis as a Method References Suggested Readings Multimodality and Systemic Functional Analysis Introduction What Is SF Theory? SF‐MDA Conclusion References Suggested Readings Note Multimodal Teaching and Learning Multimodality Teaching Learning Teaching and Learning with L2 Students References Suggested Readings Note
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N
Natural Language Processing and Language Learning
NLP and the Analysis of Learner Language
NLP and the Analysis of Native Language for Learners
References
Suggested Readings
Needs Analysis
A Rationale for Needs Analysis
Units of Analysis in NA
Stage 1 of a Task‐Based NA: Identifying Target Tasks
Stage 2 of a Task‐Based NA: Analysis of Target Discourse
From NA to Syllabus
References
Suggested Readings
Needs Analysis and Syllabus Design for Language for Specific Purposes
Introduction
The Role and Importance of Needs Analysis
Trends in Scope and Methods
From Needs Analysis to Specification of Syllabus Content
The Role of Theory
Issues in Needs Analysis
Conclusion
References
New Literacies of Online Research and Comprehension
Literacy as Deixis
How Should We Conceptualize Literacy as a Deictic Construct?
A Dual‐Level Theory of New Literacies
The New Literacies of Online Research and Comprehension
What