.
Читать онлайн книгу.
9: 187–201.
Hope, C. A. 1980. “Dakhleh Oasis Project—Report on the Study of the Pottery and Kilns.” Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 10: 283–313.
Hope, C. A. 1987. “The Dakhleh Oasis Project: Ismant el-Kharab 1989–1990,” Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 17/4: 157–176.
Hope, C. A. 1993. “Pottery kilns from the Oasis of el-Dakhla,” in D. Arnold and J. Bourriau (eds.), An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Pottery: 121–127. Mainz.
Hope, C. A. 1999. “Pottery manufacture in the Dakhleh Oasis,” in C. S. Churcher and A. J. Mills (eds.), Reports from the survey of the Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt, 1977–1987: 215–243. Oxford.
Hope, C. A., with appendices by M. A. J. Eccleston, O. E. Kaper, S. Marchand, and D. Darnell. 2000. “Kegs and Flasks from the Dakhleh Oasis,” Cahiers de la Céramique Égyptienne 6: 189–234.
Hope, C. A. 2003. “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab from 2000 to 2002,” in G. E. Bowen and C. A. Hope (eds.), The Oasis Papers 3, Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project: 207–289. Oxford.
Hope, C. A. 2004a. “The ostraka and the archaeology of Ismant el-Kharab,” in K. A. Worp (ed.), Greek Ostraca from Kellis: O.Kellis, Nos. 1–293. Oxford.
Hope, C. A. 2004b. “The Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in 2004,” BACE 15: 19–49.
Hope, C. A., G. E. Bowen, W. Dolling, C. Hubschmann, P. Kucera, R. Long, and A. Stevens. 2006. “Report on the Excavations at Ismant el-Kharab and Mut el-Kharab in 2006,” BACE 17: 23–67.
Kaper, O. E. 2003. The Egyptian God Tutu. Leuven.
Keenan, J. G. 1992. “Α Constantinople Loan, AD 541,” BASP 29: 176–182.
Kucera, P. 2012. “al-Qasr: the Roman Castrum of Dakhleh Oasis,” in R. S. Bagnall, P. Davoli, and C. A. Hope (eds.) The Oasis Papers 6. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the Dakhleh Oasis Project: 305–316. Oxford.
Lewis, N. 1997. The Compulsory Public Services of Roman Egypt, 2nd ed. Florence.
Lister, F. C. and R. H. Lister. 1981. “The Recycled Pots and Potsherds in Spain,” Historical Archaeology 15: 66–78.
Marchand, S. 2000. “Catalogue des céramiques (XIIIe dynastie, Deuxième Période intermédiaire et Nouvel Empire),” in F. Colin, D. Laisney, and S. Marchand, “Qaret el-Toub: un fort romain et une nécropole pharaonique,” BIFAO 100: 145–192.
Marchand, S. and P. Tallet. 1999. “‘Ayn-Asîl et l’oasis de Dakhla au Nouvel Empire,” BIFAO 99: 307–352.
Mitthof, F. 2001. Annona militaris. Die Heeresversorgung im spätantiken Ägypten. Teil I. Florence.
Nordström, H. Å. and J. Bourriau. 1993. “The Vienna System,” in D. Arnold and J. Bourriau (eds.), An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Pottery: 168–182. Mainz.
Patten, S. F. 1999. “Report on the Study of the Ceramics: 1993–1994 Seasons,” in C. A. Hope and A. J. Mills (eds.), Dakhleh Oasis Project: Preliminary Reports on the 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 Field Seasons: 83–88. Oxford.
Patten, S. F. 2000. Pottery from the Late Period to the Early Roman Period from Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. PhD Dissertation, Macquarie University.
Peña, J. T. 2007. Roman Pottery in the Archaeological Record. Cambridge.
Reiter, F. 2005. “Symposia in Tebtynis – Zu den griechischen Ostraka aus den neuen Grabungen in Tebtynis,” in S. Lippert and M. Schentuleit (eds.), Tebtynis und Soknopaiou Nesos. Leben im römerzeitlichen Fajum, Akten des Internationalen Symposions vom 11. bis 13. Dezember 2003 in Sommerhausen bei Würzburg: 131–140. Wiesbaden.
Reiter, F. 2007. “Ostraka di Bakchias dalle Campagne di Scavo 1999–2003,” Papirologica Lupiensia 14/2005 (2007): 263–281.
Rougeulle, A., and S. Marchand. 2011. “Des siga sur la côte du Hadramawt (Yémen), témoins d’une attaque navale ?” Cahiers de la Céramique Égyptienne 9: 439–460.
Sarris, P. 2006. Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian. Cambridge.
Soukiassian, G., M. Wuttmann, L. Pantalacci, P. Ballet, and M. Picon. 1990. Balat III. Les ateliers de potiers d’‘Ayn-Asîl. Cairo.
Vleeming, S. P. 1994. Ostraka Varia: tax receipts and legal documents on Demotic, Greek, and Greek-Demotic Ostraka, chiefly of the early Ptolemaic Period, from various collections. Leiden.
Wagner, G. 1987. Les oasis d’Égypte. Cairo.
Wagner, G. 1993. “*ΧΡΗΤΗ/*ΧΡΗΤΙC < Krḥt: La Chrète,” ZPE 97: 127–129.
Wilcken, U. 1899. Griechische Ostraka aus Aegypten und Nubien: ein Beitrag zur antiken Wirtschaftsgeschichte, I. Berlin.
Worp, K. A. (ed.). 2004. Greek Ostraca from Kellis: O.Kellis, Nos. 1–293. Oxford.
PREFACE
This is the second volume of ostraka from the excavations conducted at the site of Amheida, the modern name for what was called Trimithis in the Roman period. The first volume (O.Trim. 1) contained ostraka from the excavation seasons 2004–2007, the present volume from the following seasons through 2013. It does not contain Demotic and hieratic ostraka, which we intend to be edited by Günter Vittmann in volume 3.
The preface to volume 1 described the history of the excavations at Amheida down to 2007. As it indicated, after the 2008 season the responsibility for the excavations passed from Columbia University to the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University. Columbia has, however, continued to maintain the excavation house library, for which we thank former Vice President and University Librarian James Neal and the librarian responsible for the ancient world, Karen Green. Many Columbia students have also been part of the team over the intervening years. We are grateful to the NYU administration for its support of many kinds since 2009, particularly former Provost David W. McLaughlin.
Our other expressions of gratitude in the preface to the previous volume need not be repeated here; we continue to owe much to our colleagues in the field, above all Paola Davoli, the field director, on whose extraordinary skill at untangling and interpreting stratigraphy we depend throughout this volume. We are also grateful to Clementina Caputo and Raffaella Cribiore for their contributions to this volume. Bruno Bazzani has taken the photographs and processed the infrared images throughout these years, as well as helping with a host of technical issues in the field; the contribution made by these labors to our texts is to be found on every page. We thank also the referees for their valuable comments.
PART I
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
The ostraka published in this volume come from the excavations of the seasons from 2008 to 2013. Two of those seasons were disrupted by external causes: in 2009, a delay in the issuance of military security clearances, which shortened the season by nearly three weeks; and in 2011, the evacuation of the team during the Egyptian revolution, after only a few days of excavation. The richest finds of ostraka came from the even-numbered years of 2008, 2010, and 2012. The decision to cut off the present volume after the 2013 season reflects not only the considerable quantity of material in hand but the arrival, if not at a conclusion of work in and around Area 2.2 (Building 6) and 2.3 (Building 7), at least at a point beyond which they seem unlikely to yield texts that would significantly change the picture derived from the first two volumes. (The 2014 season in fact found few ostraka.) In addition, work in Area 4.1 (the Temple of Thoth) is essentially complete, at least for the present, with the 2013 season. The 2014 season there yielded more decorated blocks and some Demotic