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and virtually incommunicado with her party and supporters.

      Geography

       Burma

      Location:

      Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand

      Geographic coordinates:

      22 00 N, 98 00 E

      Map references:

      Southeast Asia

      Area:

      total: 678,500 sq km land: 657,740 sq km water: 20,760 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries:

      total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

      Coastline:

      1,930 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

      Climate:

      tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)

      Terrain:

      central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Andaman Sea 0 m highest point: Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m

      Natural resources:

      petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower

      Land use:

      arable land: 14.92% permanent crops: 1.31% other: 83.77% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      18,700 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      1,045.6 cu km (1999)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 33.23 cu km/yr (1%/1%/98%) per capita: 658 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts

      Environment - current issues:

      deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      strategic location near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes

      People

       Burma

      Population:

      47,758,180 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 25.7% (male 6,236,484/female 6,038,576) 15–64 years: 68.9% (male 16,300,380/female 16,627,045) 65 years and over: 5.4% (male 1,098,344/female 1,457,352) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 27.8 years male: 27.2 years female: 28.4 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.8% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      17.23 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      9.23 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      NA (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 49.12 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 62.94 years male: 60.73 years female: 65.28 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.92 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      1.2% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      330,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      20,000 (2003 est.)

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Burmese (singular and plural) adjective: Burmese

      Ethnic groups:

      Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%,

       Mon 2%, other 5%

      Religions:

      Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%

      Languages:

      Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89.9% male: 93.9% female: 86.4% (2006 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 8 years male: 8 years female: 8 years (2001)

      Education expenditures:

      1.2% of GDP (2001)

      Government

       Burma

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Union of Burma conventional short form: Burma local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar) local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw

      Government

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