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- comparative:

      slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

      total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km

      Coastline:

      0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

      none (landlocked)

      Climate:

      equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

      Terrain:

      hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m

      Natural resources:

      nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

      Land use:

      arable land: 35.57% permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      210 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      3.6 cu km (1987)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.29 cu km/yr (17%/6%/77%) per capita: 38 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      flooding, landslides, drought

      Environment - current issues:

      soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

      Geography - note:

      landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

      People

       Burundi

      Population:

      8,691,005 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 46.3% (male 2,021,320/female 1,998,502) 15–64 years: 51.2% (male 2,210,157/female 2,240,921) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 87,600/female 132,505) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 16.7 years male: 16.4 years female: 17 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      3.443% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      41.72 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      5.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 60.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 67.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 53.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 51.71 years male: 50.86 years female: 52.6 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      6.4 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      6% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      250,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      25,000 (2003 est.)

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian

      Ethnic groups:

      Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

      Religions:

      Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%

      Languages:

      Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake

       Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 59.3% male: 67.3% female: 52.2% (2000 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 7 years male: 8 years female: 7 years (2006)

      Education expenditures:

      5.1% of GDP (2005)

      Government

       Burundi

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi

      Government type:

      republic

      Capital:

      name: Bujumbura geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

      Administrative divisions:

      17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rurale, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

      Independence:

      1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

      National holiday:

      Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

      Constitution:

      28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum

      Legal system:

      based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage:

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