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of Massachusetts

      Land boundaries:

      total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km

      Coastline:

      7,314 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

      Climate:

      temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

      Terrain:

      low and flat to gently rolling plains

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Lammefjord −7 m highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m

      Natural resources:

      petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, chalk, stone, gravel and sand

      Land use:

      arable land: 52.59% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 47.22% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      4,490 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      6.1 cu km (2003)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.67 cu km/yr (32%/26%/42%) per capita: 123 cu m/yr (2002)

      Natural hazards:

      flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes

      Environment - current issues:

      air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air

       Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85,

       Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,

       Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

       Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,

       Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

       Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen

      People

       Denmark

      Population:

      5,484,723 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 18.4% (male 516,735/female 490,532) 15–64 years: 65.9% (male 1,818,681/female 1,796,753) 65 years and over: 15.7% (male 374,388/female 487,634) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 40.3 years male: 39.4 years female: 41.2 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      0.295% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      10.71 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      10.25 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      2.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 78.13 years male: 75.8 years female: 80.59 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      1.74 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.2% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      5,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      fewer than 100 (2003 est.)

      Nationality:

      noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish

      Ethnic groups:

      Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali

      Religions:

      Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Christian (includes Protestant and

       Roman Catholic) 3%, Muslim 2%

      Languages:

      Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 17 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2006)

      Education expenditures:

      8.3% of GDP (2005)

      Government

       Denmark

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Denmark local long form: Kongeriget Danmark local short form: Danmark

      Government type:

      constitutional monarchy

      Capital:

      name: Copenhagen geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October note: applies to continental Denmark only, not to the North Atlantic components

      Administrative divisions:

      metropolitan Denmark - 5 regions (regioner, singular - region); Hovedstaden, Midtjylland, Nordjylland, Sjaelland, Syddanmark note: an extensive local government reform merged 271 municipalities into 98 and 13 counties into five regions, effective 1 January 2007

      Independence:

      first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy

      National holiday:

      none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June (1849) is generally viewed as the National Day

      Constitution:

      5 June 1953 constitution allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state

      Legal system:

      civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction,

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