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0.46019 (2006), 0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003)

      Communications

       Dhekelia

      Radio broadcast stations:

      AM NA, FM 1 (located in Akrotiri), shortwave NA (British Forces

       Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides Radio 1 and Radio 2 service to

       Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia) (2006)

      Television broadcast stations:

      0 (British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) provides multi-channel satellite service to Akrotiri, Dhekelia, and Nicosia) (2006)

      Military

       Dhekelia

      Military - note:

      includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

      ======================================================================

      @Djibouti

      Introduction

       Djibouti

      Background:

      The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. Hassan Gouled APTIDON installed an authoritarian one-party state and proceeded to serve as president until 1999. Unrest among the Afars minority during the 1990s led to a civil war that ended in 2001 following the conclusion of a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multi-party presidential elections resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH; he was re-elected to a second and final term in 2005. Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the mouth of the Red Sea and serves as an important transshipment location for goods entering and leaving the east African highlands. The present leadership favors close ties to France, which maintains a significant military presence in the country, but also has strong ties with the US. Djibouti hosts the only US military base in sub-Saharan Africa and is a front-line state in the global war on terrorism.

      Geography

       Djibouti

      Location:

      Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between

       Eritrea and Somalia

      Geographic coordinates:

      11 30 N, 43 00 E

      Map references:

      Africa

      Area:

      total: 23,000 sq km land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Massachusetts

      Land boundaries:

      total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km

      Coastline:

      314 km

      Maritime claims:

      territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

      desert; torrid, dry

      Terrain:

      coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Lac Assal −155 m highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m

      Natural resources:

      geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum

      Land use:

      arable land: 0.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.96% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      10 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      0.3 cu km (1997)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 0.02 cu km/yr (84%/0%/16%) per capita: 25 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods

      Environment - current issues:

      inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

      strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa

      People

       Djibouti

      Population:

      506,221 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 43.3% (male 110,089/female 109,331) 15–64 years: 53.1% (male 139,164/female 129,614) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 9,068/female 8,955) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 18.2 years male: 18.6 years female: 17.7 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      1.945% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      38.61 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      19.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      NA (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 99.13 deaths/1,000 live births male: 106.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 91.38 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 43.31 years male: 41.89 years female: 44.77 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      5.14 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      2.9% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      9,100 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      690 (2003 est.)

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Djiboutian(s) adjective: Djiboutian

      Ethnic groups:

      Somali 60%, Afar

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