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Iran

      Geographic coordinates:

      33 00 N, 65 00 E

      Map references:

      Asia

      Area:

      total: 647,500 sq km land: 647,500 sq km water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative:

      slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries:

      total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

      Coastline:

      0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

      none (landlocked)

      Climate:

      arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

      Terrain:

      mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

      Elevation extremes:

      lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m highest point: Nowshak 7,485 m

      Natural resources:

      natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones

      Land use:

      arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 87.66% (2005)

      Irrigated land:

      27,200 sq km (2003)

      Total renewable water resources:

      65 cu km (1997)

      Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

      total: 23.26 cu km/yr (2%/0%/98%) per capita: 779 cu m/yr (2000)

      Natural hazards:

      damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts

      Environment - current issues:

      limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution

      Environment - international agreements:

      party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note:

      landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)

      People

       Afghanistan

      Population:

      32,738,376 (July 2008 est.)

      Age structure:

      0–14 years: 44.6% (male 7,474,394/female 7,121,145) 15–64 years: 53% (male 8,901,880/female 8,447,983) 65 years and over: 2.4% (male 383,830/female 409,144) (2008 est.)

      Median age:

      total: 17.6 years male: 17.6 years female: 17.6 years (2008 est.)

      Population growth rate:

      2.626% (2008 est.)

      Birth rate:

      45.82 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Death rate:

      19.56 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Net migration rate:

      21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)

      Sex ratio:

      at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2008 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

      total: 154.67 deaths/1,000 live births male: 158.88 deaths/1,000 live births female: 150.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth:

      total population: 44.21 years male: 44.04 years female: 44.39 years (2008 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

      6.58 children born/woman (2008 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

      0.01% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

      NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

      NA

      Major infectious diseases:

      degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2008)

      Nationality:

      noun: Afghan(s) adjective: Afghan

      Ethnic groups:

      Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%,

       Baloch 2%, other 4%

      Religions:

      Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%

      Languages:

      Afghan Persian or Dari (official) 50%, Pashto (official) 35%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

      Literacy:

      definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 28.1% male: 43.1% female: 12.6% (2000 est.)

      School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

      total: 8 years male: 11 years female: 4 years (2004)

      Education expenditures:

      NA

      Government

       Afghanistan

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan conventional short form: Afghanistan local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan local short form: Afghanestan former: Republic of Afghanistan

      Government type:

      Islamic republic

      Capital:

      name: Kabul geographic coordinates: 34 31 N, 69 11 E time difference: UTC+4.5 (9.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

      Administrative divisions:

      34 provinces (velayat, singular - velayat); Badakhshan, Badghis,

       Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Daykundi, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Ghor,

       Helmand, Herat, Jowzjan, Kabul, Kandahar, Kapisa, Khost, Kunar,

       Kunduz, Laghman, Logar, Nangarhar, Nimroz, Nuristan, Paktika,

       Paktiya, Panjshir, Parwan, Samangan, Sar-e Pul, Takhar, Uruzgan,

       Wardak, Zabul

      Independence:

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