The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
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export and continues to hold this position. The economy is heavily dependent on the agricultural sector, which generates about half of GDP and provides employment for 66% of the work force.
_#_GDP: $16.8 billion, per capita $408; real growth rate NEGL% (FY90 est.)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 22.6% (FY89 est.)
_#_Unemployment rate: 9.6% in urban areas (FY89 est.)
_#_Budget: revenues $4.9 billion; expenditures $5.0 billion, including capital expenditures of $0.7 billion (FY89 est.)
_#_Exports: $228 million (f.o.b., FY89)
commodities—teak, rice, oilseed, metals, rubber, gems;
partners—Southeast Asia, India, China, EC, Africa
_#_Imports: $540 million (c.i.f., FY89)
commodities—machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, food products;
partners—Japan, EC, China, Southeast Asia
_#_External debt: $5.5 billion (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: growth rate 2.6% (FY90 est.); accounts for 10% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 950,000 kW capacity; 2,900 million kWh produced, 70 kWh per capita (1990)
_#_Industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining; mining of copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 51% of GDP (including fish and forestry); self-sufficient in food; principal crops—paddy rice, corn, oilseed, sugarcane, pulses; world's largest stand of hardwood trees; rice and teak account for 55% of export revenues; fish catch of 732,000 metric tons (FY90)
_#_Illicit drugs: world's largest illicit producer of opium poppy and minor producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; opium production is on the increase as growers respond to the collapse of Rangoon's antinarcotic programs
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $158 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $3.9 billion; Communist countries (1970–88), $424 million
_#_Currency: kyat (plural—kyats); 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas
_#_Exchange rates: kyats (K) per US$1—6.0476 (January 1991), 6.3386 (1990), 6.7049 (1989), 6.3945 (1988), 6.6535 (1987), 7.3304 (1986), 8.4749 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
_*Communications #_Railroads: 3,991 km total, all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113 km narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track
_#_Highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth
_#_Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
_#_Pipelines: crude, 1,343 km; natural gas, 330 km
_#_Ports: Rangoon, Moulmein, Bassein
_#_Merchant marine: 60 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 968,226 GRT/1,433,584 DWT; includes 3 passenger-cargo, 19 cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 2 container, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical, 1 combination ore/oil, 24 bulk, 1 combination bulk
_#_Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters)
_#_Airports: 86 total, 79 usable; 29 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 37 with runways 1,220–2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 53,000 telephones (1986); stations—2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV (1985); 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force
_#_Manpower availability: eligible 15–49, 20,766,975; of the 10,378,743 males 15–49, 5,566,247 are fit for military service; of the 10,388,232 females 15–49, 5,558,007 are fit for military service; 442,200 males and 431,407 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service
_#Defense expenditures: $315.0 million, 3% of GDP (FY88) % @Burundi *Geography #_Total area: 27,830 km2; land area: 25,650 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland
_#_Land boundaries: 974 km total; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km
_#_Coastline: none—landlocked
_#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked
_#_Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands
_#_Terrain: mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains
_#_Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium
_#_Land use: arable land 43%; permanent crops 8%; meadows and pastures 35%; forest and woodland 2%; other 12%; includes irrigated NEGL%
_#_Environment: soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation
_#_Note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed
_*People #_Population: 5,831,233 (July 1991), growth rate 3.2% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 109 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 54 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 6.9 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Burundian(s); adjective—Burundi
_#_Ethnic divisions: Africans—Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%; other Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians
_#_Religion: Christian about 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%). indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%
_#_Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
_#_Literacy: 50% (male 61%, female 40%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
_#_Labor force: 1,900,000 (1983 est.); agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and commerce 1.5%, services 1.5; 52% of population of working age (1985)
_#_Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); active membership figures NA
_*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Burundi
_#_Type: republic
_#_Capital: Bujumbura
_#_Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
_#_Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
_#_Constitution: 20 November 1981; suspended following the coup of 3 September 1987; referendum for a new constitution scheduled for March 1992
_#_Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
_#_Executive branch: president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister
_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee