The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
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of 3 September 1987; at an extraordinary party congress held from 27 to 29 December 1990, the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National Salvation, and became the supreme governing body during the transition to constitutional government
_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
_#_Leaders:
Chief of State—President Pierre BUYOYA (since 9 September 1987);
Head of Government Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26
October 1988)
_#_Political parties and leaders: only party—National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), President Pierre BUYOYA, chairman, and Nicolas MAYUGI, secretary general
_#_Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
_#_Elections:
National Assembly—dissolved after the coup of 3 September 1987;
note—The National Unity Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted by a national referendum on 5 February 1991
_#_Communists: no Communist party
_#_Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE; Chancery at Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington DC 20007; telephone (202) 342–2574;
US—Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY; Embassy at Avenue du Zaire,
Bujumbura (mailing address is B. P. 1720, Avenue des Etats-Unis,
Bujumbura); telephone 234–54 through 56
_#_Flag: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
_*Economy #_Overview: A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each year. The ability to pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market.
_#_GDP: $1.1 billion, per capita $200; real growth rate 1.5% (1989)
_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 11.7% (1989)
_#_Unemployment rate: NA%
_#_Budget: revenues $158 million; expenditures $204 million, including capital expenditures of $131 million (1989 est.)
_#_Exports: $81 million (f.o.b., 1989);
commodities—coffee 88%, tea, hides, and skins;
partners—EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%
_#_Imports: $197 million (c.i.f., 1989);
commodities—capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods;
partners—EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%
_#_External debt: $957 million (December 1990 est.)
_#_Industrial production: real growth rate 5.1% (1986); accounts for about 10% of GDP
_#_Electricity: 51,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 19 kWh per capita (1989)
_#_Industries: light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports; public works construction; food processing
_#_Agriculture: accounts for 60% of GDP; 90% of population dependent on subsistence farming; marginally self-sufficient in food production; cash crops—coffee, cotton, tea; food crops—corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock—meat, milk, hides, and skins
_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $71 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $32 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $175 million
_#_Currency: Burundi franc (plural—francs); 1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes
_#_Exchange rates: Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1—163.29 (January 1991), 171.26 (1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988), 123.56 (1987), 114.17 (1986), 120.69 (1985)
_#_Fiscal year: calendar year
_*Communications #_Highways: 5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or laterite, 3,000 km improved or unimproved earth
_#_Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika
_#_Ports: Bujumbura (lake port) connects to transportation systems of Tanzania and Zaire
_#_Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft
_#_Airports: 8 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; none with runways 1,220 to 2,439 m
_#_Telecommunications: sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity radio relay links; 8,000 telephones; stations—2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station
_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army (includes naval and air units); paramilitary Gendarmerie
_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 1,268,342; 661,888 fit for military service; 64,538 reach military age (16) annually
_#Defense expenditures: $33 million, 3.1% of GDP (1988) % @Cambodia *Geography #_Total area: 181,040 km2; land area: 176,520 km2
_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Oklahoma
_#_Land boundaries: 2,572 km total; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
_#_Coastline: 443 km
_#_Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 24 nm;
Continental shelf: 200 nm;
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;
Territorial sea: 12 nm
_#_Disputes: offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; occupied by Vietnam on 25 December 1978
_#_Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to March); little seasonal temperature variation
_#_Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
_#_Natural resources: timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential
_#_Land use: arable land 16%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 3%; forest and woodland 76%; other 4%; includes irrigated 1%
_#_Environment: a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap
_#_Note: buffer between Thailand and Vietnam
_*People #_Population: 7,146,386 (July 1991), growth rate 2.2% (1991)
_#_Birth rate: 38 births/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Death rate: 16 deaths/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)
_#_Infant mortality rate: 125 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)
_#_Life expectancy at birth: 48 years male, 51 years female (1991)
_#_Total fertility rate: 4.5 children born/woman (1991)
_#_Nationality: noun—Cambodian(s); adjective—Cambodian
_#_Ethnic divisions: Khmer 90%, Chinese 5%, other 5%
_#_Religion: Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%
_#_Language: