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real growth rate: 3.3% (1995 est.)

      GDP per capita: $22,100 (1995 est.)

      GDP composition by sector: agriculture: 3.1% industry: 27.7% services: 69.2% (1994)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.75% (1995)

      Labor force: 8.63 million (September 1991) by occupation: finance and services 33.8%, public and community services 22.3%, wholesale and retail trade 20.1%, manufacturing and industry 16.2%, agriculture 6.1% (1987)

      Unemployment rate: 8.1% (December 1995)

      Budget:

       revenues: $95.69 billion

       expenditures: $95.15 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA

       (FY95/96 est.)

      Industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food

       processing, chemicals, steel

      Industrial production growth rate: 3.9% (FY93/94)

      Electricity: capacity: 34,540,000 kW production: 155 billion kWh consumption per capita: 8,021 kWh (1993)

      Agriculture: wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits; cattle, sheep, poultry

      Illicit drugs: Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

      Exports: $51.57 billion (f.o.b., 1995)

       commodities: coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and

       transport equipment

       partners: Japan 25%, US 11%, South Korea 6%, NZ 5.7%, UK, Taiwan,

       Singapore, Hong Kong (1992)

      Imports: $57.41 billion (f.o.b., 1995) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, crude oil and petroleum products partners: US 23%, Japan 18%, UK 6%, Germany 5.7%, NZ 4% (1992)

      External debt: $147.2 billion (1994)

      Economic aid: donor: ODA, $953 million (1993)

      Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.3477 (January 1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3668 (1994), 1.4704 (1993), 1.3600 (1992), 1.2835 (1991)

      Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

      Transportation———————

      Railways:

       total: 38,563 km (2,914 km electrified; 172 km dual gauge)

       broad gauge: 6,083 km 1.600-m gauge

       standard gauge: 16,752 km 1.435-m gauge

       narrow gauge: 15,728 km 1.067-m gauge

      Highways:

       total: 810,264 km

       paved: 283,592 km (including 1,200 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 526,672 km (1989 est.)

      Waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft

      Pipelines: crude oil 2,500 km; petroleum products 500 km; natural

       gas 5,600 km

      Ports: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport, Fremantle,

       Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceton (Tasmania), Mackay, Melbourne,

       Sydney, Townsville

      Merchant marine:

       total: 76 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,547,869 GRT/3,679,534

       DWT

       ships by type: bulk 30, cargo 4, chemical tanker 3, combination bulk

       1, container 6, liquefied gas tanker 6, oil tanker 18,

       roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 1 (1995 est.)

      Airports:

       total: 442

       with paved runways over 3 047 m: 9

       with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 13

       with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 106

       with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 116

       with paved runways under 914 m: 30

       with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 22

       with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 146 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 8.7 million (1987 est.)

      Telephone system: good domestic and international service domestic: domestic satellite system international: submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean), 2 Inmarsat (Indian and Pacific Ocean Regions)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 258, FM 67, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 134 (1987 est.)

      Televisions: 9.2 million (1992 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian

       Air Force

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 4,848,777 males fit for military service: 4,192,250 males reach military age (17) annually: 127,569 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $7.3 billion, 2.0% of GDP (FY95/96)

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      @Austria———

      Map—

      Location: 47 20 N, 13 20 E—Central Europe, north of Italy

      Flag——

      Description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and

       red

      Geography————

      Location: Central Europe, north of Italy

      Geographic coordinates: 47 20 N, 13 20 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area:

       total area: 83,850 sq km

       land area: 82,730 sq km

       comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine

      Land boundaries:

       total: 2,558 km

       border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366

       km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 37 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 324

       km, Switzerland 164 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      International disputes: none

      Climate: temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers

      Terrain: in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m highest point: Grossglockner 3,797 m

      Natural resources: iron ore, oil, timber, magnesite, lead, coal,

       lignite, copper, hydropower

      Land use:

       arable land: 17%

       permanent crops: 1%

       meadows and pastures: 24%

       forest and woodland: 39%

       other: 19%

      Irrigated land: 40 sq km (1989)

      Environment:

      

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