---

Скачать книгу

---

(1991 est.)

      Telephone system:

       domestic: domestic telephone service is very poor with very few

       telephones in use

       international: international telephone and telegraph service is by

       landline through India; a satellite earth station was planned (1990)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1990)

      Radios: 23,000 (1989 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 0 (1990 est.)

      Televisions: 200 (1985 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Royal Bhutan Army, Palace Guard, Militia

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 444,875 males fit for military service: 237,529 males reach military age (18) annually: 17,634 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP

      ======================================================================

      @Bolivia———

      Map—

      Location: 17 00 S, 65 00 W—Central South America, southwest of

       Brazil

      Flag——

      Description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

      Geography————

      Location: Central South America, southwest of Brazil

      Geographic coordinates: 17 00 S, 65 00 W

      Map references: South America

      Area:

       total area: 1,098,580 sq km

       land area: 1,084,390 sq km

       comparative area: slightly less than three times the size of Montana

      Land boundaries:

       total: 6,743 km

       border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km,

       Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      International disputes: has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights

      Climate: varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

      Terrain: rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin lowest point: Rio Paraguay 90 m highest point: Cerro Illimani 6,882 m

      Natural resources: tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten,

       antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber

      Land use:

       arable land: 3%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 25%

       forest and woodland: 52%

       other: 20%

      Irrigated land: 1,650 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and

       the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to

       deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation

       methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification;

       loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used

       for drinking and irrigation

       natural hazards: cold, thin air of high plateau is obstacle to

       efficient fuel combustion, as well as to physical activity by those

       unaccustomed to it from birth; flooding in the northeast

       (March-April)

       international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Tropical

       Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified -

       Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,

       Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection

      Geographic note: landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca,

       world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru

      People———

      Population: 7,165,257 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 39% (male 1,422,313; female 1,390,885)

       15–64 years: 56% (male 1,959,989; female 2,042,135)

       65 years and over: 5% (male 153,111; female 196,824) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.82% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 32.37 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 10.75 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −3.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 67.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 59.81 years male: 56.94 years female: 62.82 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 4.25 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Bolivian(s) adjective: Bolivian

      Ethnic divisions: Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed European and Indian ancestry) 25%-30%, European 5%-15%

      Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)

      Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara

       (official)

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 83.1%

       male: 90.5%

       female: 76%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia

       conventional short form: Bolivia

       local long form: Republica de Bolivia

       local short form: Bolivia

      Data code: BL

      Type of government: republic

      Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary)

      Administrative divisions: 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija

      Independence: 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August (1825)

      Constitution: 2 February 1967

      Legal system: based on Spanish

---

Скачать книгу