The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency
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other: 17%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:
current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for
disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties, water
shortages, and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife
natural hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes
international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Law of the Sea,
Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection
Geographic note: as of January 1996, Bosnian Serb leaders continued to demand revisions to the territorial aspects of the Dayton Agreement, especially in Sarajevo - designated to be under Federation control - and the Brcko/Posavina corridor area; members of the Bosnian Croat community also reject several territorial aspects of the agreement, citing that historically Bosnian Croat lands are to be transferred to Bosnian Serb control; despite disagreements, initial implementation of the agreement as of January 1996 appeared on course with the warring parties meeting the deadline for withdrawal of forces from the front lines in Sarajevo
People———
Population: 2,656,240 (July 1996 est.) note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing
Age structure:
0–14 years: 20% (male 276,530; female 248,519)
15–64 years: 68% (male 892,807; female 915,686)
65 years and over: 12% (male 133,081; female 189,617) (July 1996
est.)
Population growth rate: −2.84% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 6.34 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 15.92 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: −18.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female
all ages: 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 43.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 56.11 years male: 51.16 years female: 61.39 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Nationality: noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian
Ethnic divisions: Serb 40%, Muslim 38%, Croat 22% (est.)
Religions: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 99%
Literacy: NA
Government—————
Government note: The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed by the
Muslims and Croats in March 1994, remains in the implementation
stages.
Name of country:
conventional long form: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina
local long form: Republika Bosna i Hercegovina
local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina
note: under the new constitution initialed in Dayton, Ohio, on 21
November 1995, the name of the country will be changed from Republic
of Bosnia and Herzegovina to simply Bosnia and Herzegovina and will
be made up of the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Bosnian Serb
entity now called Republika Srpska
Data code: BK
Type of government: emerging democracy
Capital: Sarajevo
Administrative divisions: 109 districts (opstinas, singular -
opstina) Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska
Dubica, Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski
Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac,
Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca, Cazin, Cajnice, Capljina, Celinac,
Citluk, Derventa, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc,
Gorazde, Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac, Grude, Han Pijesak,
Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak, Kladanj,
Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica,
Livno, Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar,
Mrkonjic-Grad, Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje,
Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, (Pucarevo) Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo,
Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar, Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza,
Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad, Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale,
Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo, Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender
Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik, Stolac, Sekovici,
Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, Drvar, Duvno, Travnik, Trebinje, Tuzla,
Ugljevik, Vares, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez, Vlasenica,
Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice
note: administrative reorganization is currently under negotiation
with the assistance of international mediators; spellings not yet
approved by the US Board on Geographic Names
Independence: NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: NA
Constitution: first promulgated in 1974 (under the Communists), amended 1989, 1990, and 1991; constitution of Muslim/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ratified April 1994; under the Dayton Agreement signed 21 November 1995, the Muslim/Croat Federation and the Serb republic government agreed to accept new basic principles in their constitutions
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Alija IZETBEGOVIC (since 20 December 1990)
was elected by a collective (seven-member) presidency (of which he
is a member); other members of the collective presidency are: Ejup
GANIC (since NA November 1990), Nijaz DURAKOVIC (since NA October
1993), Stjepan KLJUJIC (since NA October 1993), Ivo KOMSIC (since NA
October 1993), Mirko PEJANOVIC (since NA June 1992), Tatjana
LJUJIC-MIJATOVIC (since NA December 1992); the collective presidency
is elected from among the National Assembly with at least two
members drawn from each of the three main ethnic groups
head of government: Prime Minister Hasan MURATOVIC (since 30 January
1996) was elected by the collective presidency and the National