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Rupert, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick),

       Saint John's (Newfoundland), Seven Islands, Sydney, Three Rivers,

       Thunder Bay, Toronto, Vancouver, Windsor

      Merchant marine:

       total: 62 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 573,089 GRT/804,436 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 17, cargo 9, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 15,

       passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1, railcar carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off

       cargo 7, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 2

       note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes

       (1995 est.)

      Airports:

       total: 1,138

       with paved runways over 3 047 m: 17

       with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 15

       with paved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 136

       with paved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 226

       with paved runways under 914 m: 422

       with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 53

       with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 269 (1995 est.)

      Heliports: 14 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 15.3 million (1990)

      Telephone system: excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean Region)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 900, FM 29, shortwave 0

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 70 (repeaters 1,400) (1991)

      Televisions: 11.53 million (1983 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Canadian Armed Forces (includes Land Forces Command or

       LC, Maritime Command or MC, Air Command or AC, Communications

       Command or CC, Training Command or TC), Royal Canadian Mounted

       Police (RCMP)

      Manpower availability:

       males age 15–49: 7,645,245

       males fit for military service: 6,575,057

       males reach military age (17) annually: 197,688 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $9.0 billion,

       1.6% of GDP (FY95/96)

      ======================================================================

      @Cape Verde—————

      Map—

      Location: 16 00 N, 24 00 W—Western Africa, group of Islands in

       the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal

      Flag——

      Description: three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands

      Geography————

      Location: Western Africa, group of Islands in the North Atlantic

       Ocean, west of Senegal

      Geographic coordinates: 16 00 N, 24 00 W

      Map references: World

      Area:

       total area: 4,030 sq km

       land area: 4,030 sq km

       comparative area: slightly larger than Rhode Island

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 965 km

      Maritime claims: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      International disputes: none

      Climate: temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic

      Terrain: steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico 2,829 m

      Natural resources: salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone,

       kaolin, fish

      Land use:

       arable land: 9%

       permanent crops: 0%

       meadows and pastures: 6%

       forest and woodland: 0%

       other: 85%

      Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such

       as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion;

       demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation;

       desertification; environmental damage has threatened several

       indigenous species of birds and reptiles; overfishing

       natural hazards: prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure

       visibility; volcanically and seismically active

       international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine

       Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban

      Geographic note: strategic location 500 km from west coast of

       Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications

       station; important sea and air refueling site

      People———

      Population: 449,066 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 50% (male 114,206; female 110,276)

       15–64 years: 46% (male 90,593; female 117,485)

       65 years and over: 4% (male 6,450; female 10,056) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 2.93% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 44.31 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 8.29 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −6.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.89 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 54.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 63.39 years male: 61.47 years female: 65.41 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 6.12 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean

      Ethnic divisions: Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%

      Religions: Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs

      Languages: Portuguese, Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West

       African words

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and

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