Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering. Группа авторов
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Distribution of Coral Reefs 16.4 Benefits of Coral Reefs 16.5 Threats to Coral Reefs 16.6 Important Coral Reefs of the World 16.7 The Application of Reefs in Shoreline Protection 16.8 Conclusion References
22 17 Mangroves, as Shore Engineers, Are Nature‐Based Solutions for Ensuring Coastal Protection 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Sundarban: A Case Study 17.3 Restoration Models 17.4 Methodology 17.5 Results and Analysis 17.6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References
23 18 Forest Degradation Prevention Through Nature‐Based Solutions : An Indian Perspective 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Causes of Forests Degradation and Present Status Forests in India 18.3 Effects of Forest Degradation 18.4 Forest Degradation Management Strategies 18.5 Policies for Preventing Forest Degradation 18.6 Ecological Engineering: A Tool for Restoration of Degraded Forests 18.7 Forest Landscape Restoration: A Nature‐Based Solution 18.8 Success Stories of ER from India 18.9 Yamuna Biodiversity Park 18.10 Ecological Restoration in Corbett National Park 18.11 Conclusion and Recommendations References
24 19 Restoring Ecosystem Services of Degraded Forests in a Changing Climate 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Role of Forests in Maintaining Ecological Balance and Providing Services 19.3 Types of Forests in India 19.4 Forest Degradation 19.5 Impacts of Forest Degradation 19.6 Nutritional Status of Soil 19.7 Hydrological Regimes 19.8 Ecological Services 19.9 Social Implications 19.10 Methods for Restoring and Rehabilitating Forests 19.11 Conclusion References
25 20 Forest Degradation Prevention 20.1 Introduction 20.2 The Problem of Forest Degradation 20.3 Assessing Levels of Forest Degradation 20.4 Drivers of Forest Degradation 20.5 The Role of Forest Management in Degradation Prevention 20.6 Conclusions – Prioritization and Implementation References
26 21 Use of Plants for Air Quality Improvement 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Current Status of Air Pollutants 21.3 Green Roofs, Urban Forests, and Air Pollution 21.4 Traits for Phytoremediation of Air Pollution 21.5 Conclusions References
27 22 Phylloremediation for Mitigating Air Pollution 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Significance of Tree Canopy Architecture and Types of Canopies for Mitigating Air Pollution 22.3 Air‐Improving Qualities of Plants 22.4 Effects of Vegetation on Urban Air Quality 22.5 Urban Air Quality Improvement through Dust‐Capturing Plant Species Acknowledgments References
28 23 Green Belts for Sustainable Improvement of Air Quality 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Tolerance of Plants to Air Pollutants 23.3 Conclusion References
29 24 Air Quality Improvement Using Phytodiversity and Plant Architecture