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Iron Phos­pho­rus I. 85.55 9.85 3.77 0.62 trs. 0.05 II. — 4–15 — 4–15 — 0.5–3 III. — 4–15 8–20 4–15 — 0.25–2 IV. 77.85 11.00 7.65 — — — V. 72.50 8.00 17.00 — — — VI. 73.50 6.00 19.00 — — — VII. 74.50 11.00 11.00 — — — VIII. 83.50 8.00 3.00 — — — IX. 90.34 8.90 — — — 0.76 X. 90.86 8.56 — — — 0.196 XI. 94.71 4.39 — — — 0.053

      I for axle bearings, II and III for harder and softer axle bearings, IV to VIII for railroad purposes, IV especially for valves of locomotives, V and VI axle bearings for wagons, VII for connecting rods, VIII for piston rods in hydraulic presses.

      Steel Bronze

      .—Copper, 60; ferromanganese (containing 70 to 80 per cent manganese), 40; zinc, 15.

      Silicon Bronze.

      —Silicon, similarly to phosphorus, acts as a deoxidizing agent, and the bronzes produced under its influence are very ductile and elastic, do not rust, and are very strong. On account of these qualities silicon bronze is much used for telegraph and telephone wires. The process of manufacture is similar to that of phosphor bronze; the silicon is used in the form of copper silicide. Some good silicon bronzes are as follows:

	I	II
Copper	97.12	97.37
Tin	1.14	1.32
Zinc	1.10	1.27
Silicon	0.05	0.07

      Sun Bronze.

      —The alloy called sun bronze contains 10 parts of aluminum, 30 to 50 parts of copper, and 40 to 60 parts of cobalt. The mixture known by the name of metalline has 25 per cent of aluminum, 30 of copper, 10 of iron, and 35 of cobalt. These alloys melt at a point approaching the melting point of copper, are tenacious, ductile, and very hard.

      Tobin Bronze.

      —This alloy is nearly similar in composition and properties to Delta metal.

	I	II	III	IV
Copper	61.203	59.00	61.20	82.67
Zinc	27.440	38.40	37.14	3.23
Tin	0.906	2.16	0.90	12.40
Iron	0.180	0.11	0.18	0.10
Lead	0.359	0.31	0.35	2.14
Silver	—	—	—	0.07
Phosphorus	—	—	—	0.005

      The alloy marked IV is sometimes called deoxidized bronze.

      Violet-colored bronze is 50 parts copper and 50 parts antimony.

      Cadmium Alloys:

      See also Fusible Alloys.

      Lipowitz’s Alloy.

      —I.—This alloy is composed of cadmium, 3 parts; tin, 4; bismuth, 15; and lead, 8. The simplest method of preparation is to heat the metals, in small pieces, in a crucible, stirring constantly, as soon as fusion {62} begins, with a stick of hard wood. The stirring is important,

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