Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes. Various
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Composition Files.—
| I | II | |
|---|---|---|
| Copper | 64.4 | 62 |
| Tin | 18.0 | 20 |
| Zinc | 10.0 | 10 |
| Lead | 7.6 | 8 |
Vogel’s Composition Files.—
| III | IV | V | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | 57.0 | 61.5 | 73.0 |
| Tin | 28.5 | 31.0 | 19.0 |
| Zinc | 78.0 | — | 8.0 |
| Lead | 7.0 | 8.5 | 8.0 |
VI.—Another alloy for composition files is copper, 8 parts; tin, 2; zinc, 1, and lead, 1—fused under a cover of borax.
Easily Fusible Or Plastic Alloys.
(These have a fusing point usually below 300° F.)
(See also Solders.)
I. Rose’s Alloy.—Bismuth, 2 parts; lead, 1 part; tin, 1 part. Melting point, 200° F.
II. Darcet Alloy.—This is composed of 8 parts of bismuth, 5 of lead, and 3 of tin. It melts at 176° F. To impart greater fusibility, 1/16 part of mercury is added; the fusing is then lowered to 149° F.
III.—Newton alloy melts at 212° F., and is composed of 5 parts of bismuth, 2 of lead, and 3 of tin.
IV.—Wood’s Metal.—
| Tin | 2 parts |
| Lead | 4 parts |
| Bismuth | 5 to 8 parts |
This silvery, fine-grained alloy fuses between 151° and 162° F., and is excellently adapted to soldering.
V.—Bismuth, 7 parts; lead, 6 parts; cadmium, 1 part. Melting point, 180° F.
VI.—Bismuth, 7 to 8 parts; lead, 4; tin, 2; cadmium, 1 to 2. Melting point, 149° to 160° F.
Other Easily Fusible Alloys:
| VII | VIII | IX | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Tin | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Bismuth | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Melting Point | 258° F. | 283° | 311° |
Fusible Alloys For Electric Installations.
—These alloys are employed in electric installations as current interrupters. Serving as conductors on a short length of circuit, they melt as soon as the current becomes too strong. Following is the composition of some of these alloys.
| Fusing temperature | Lead | Tin | Bismuth | Cadmium | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 203° F. | 250 | 500 | 500 | — |
| II | 193° F. | 397 | — | 532 | 71 |
| III | 168° F. | 344 | 94 | 500 | 62 |
| IV | 153° F. | 260 | 148 | 522 | 70 |
| V | 150° F. | 249 | 142 | 501 | 108 |
| VI | 145° F. | 267 | 136 | 500 | 100 |
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These alloys are prepared by melting the lead in a stearine bath and adding successively, and during the cooling, first, the cadmium; second, the bismuth; third, the tin. It is absolutely necessary to proceed in this manner, since these metals fuse at temperatures ranging from 850° F. (for lead), to 551° F. (for tin).
Fusible Safety Alloys for Steam Boilers.—
| Bismuth | Lead | Zinc | Melting point | Atmos. pressure | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. | 8 | 5 | 3 | 212° F. | 1 |
| II. | 8 | 8 | 4 | 235° F. | 1.5 |
| III. | 8 | 8 | 3 | 253° F. | 2 |
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