Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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τὸ πολλὴν οὐσίαν κϵκτῆσθαι: Prepositional phrase; διά with the accusative here means “owing to, thanks to, on account of, in consequence of” (S. 1685.2.b, 2034.B). τὸ … κϵκτῆσθαι: The article with the infinitive forms an articular infinitive (S. 2025). τὸ: The singular, neuter, accusative article introduces the articular infinitive (S. 1153.f). κϵκτῆσθαι: Perfect, deponent infinitive of κτάομαι (S. 385). The perfect tense of the infinitive denotes completion with permanent result (S. 1865.c). πολλὴν οὐσίαν: Accusative direct object of the infinitive κϵκτῆσθαι (S. 1554, 1967). οὐσίαν: The noun lacks an article (S. 1126).
τοῖς γὰρ πλουσίοις πολλὰ παραμύθιά φασιν ϵἶναι. (329.e)
| γάρ: for.ϵἰμί: to be.παραμυθία, -ας, ἡ: consolation, diversion, distraction. | πλούσιος, -ου, ὁ: a rich, wealthy, or opulent man.πολύς, πολλή, πολύ: many, great.φημί: to say. |
τοῖς … πλουσίοις: Plural, masculine, dative of the adjective πλούσιος used substantively with the article (S. 1153.a). Dative of the possessor; the person for whom a thing exists is put in the dative with ϵἶναι when he is regarded as interested in its possession (S. 1476).
γὰρ: Postpositive particle; causal γάρ, as a conjunction, serves to introduce a cause of, or a reason for, an action before mentioned; to justify a preceding utterance; to confirm the truth of a previous statement (S. 2810).
πολλὰ παραμύθιά … ϵἶναι: Accusative/infinitive construction in indirect discourse after φασιν (S. 2016, 2589). πολλὰ παραμύθιά: Predicate accusative after ϵἶναι (S. 1975). παραμύθιά: The predicate noun has no article, and is thus distinguished from the subject (S. 1150). The acute accent on the ultima of the proparoxytone is thrown back from the following enclitic φασιν (S. 183.c). ϵἶναι: Present infinitive of ϵἰμί (S. 768). Each tense of direct discourse is retained (with its proper meaning as regards stage of action) when it becomes infinitive in indirect discourse (S. 2019). The verb here forms a complete predicate meaning “there are …” (S. 918.b).
φασιν: Third person, plural, present, indicative of φημί (S. 783). Main verb of the complex sentence (S. 2173). The subject ἐκϵῖνοι (the antecedent is τοὺς πολλούς) is not expressed but implied in the verb (S. 931). The moveable -ν is added to words ending in -σι when the next word begins with a vowel (S. 134). The enclitic verb throws back its accent onto the proparoxytone παραμύθιά (S. 183.c).
᾿Αληθῆ, ἔφη, λέγϵις· οὐ γὰρ ἀποδέχονται. (329.e)
| ἀληθῆ: truly.ἀποδέχομαι: to accept, approve, believe, agree.γάρ: for. | λέγω: to speak.οὐ: not.φημί: to say. |
᾿Αληθῆ: Plural, neuter, accusative of the adjective ἀληθής used as an adverb (S. 341, 1094).
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