Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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crowd.πολύς, πολλή, πολύ: great, large.ῥᾳδίως: easily, lightly, with equanimity.σύ, σοῦ: you, of you.τό, τοῦ: the.τρόπος, -ου, ὁ: character, temper.φέρω: to bear.ὦ: O.
Καὶ: The conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one (S. 2868).
ἐγὼ ἀγασθϵὶς … βουλόμϵνος: Nominative subject of both ἐκίνουν and ϵἶπον (S. 927, 938). ἐγὼ: Singular, nominative of the personal pronoun ἐγώ; the pronoun is only used when emphatic (S. 325, 929). ἀγασθϵὶς … βουλόμϵνος: Notice the lack of a connective between the two participles (asyndeton) (S. 3016). ἀγασθϵὶς: Singular, masculine, nominative, aorist, passive circumstantial participle of ἄγαμαι modifying ἐγὼ (S. 489.e, 2054). The aorist tense of the participle denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.c). The aorist participle is accented as an oxytone (S. 425.b).
αὐτοῦ ϵἰπόντος: Genitive object of the participle ἀγασθϵὶς (S. 1388-89, 2040). αὐτοῦ: Singular, masculine, genitive personal pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is Κέφαλϵ (S. 12104.3). ϵἰπόντος: Singular, masculine, genitive, aorist, active, circumstantial participle of ϵἶπον (S. 2054). The aorist tense of the participle denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.c).
ταῦτα: Plural, neuter, accusative demonstrative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is Cephalus’ speech above (S. 1238). Accusative direct object of the participle ϵἰπόντος (S. 1554, 2040).
βουλόμϵνος: Singular, masculine, nominative, present, deponent, circumstantial participle of βούλομαι modifying ἐγὼ (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a). Notice the force of the switch in tense of the two participles modifying ἐγώ.
ἔτι: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).
λέγϵιν αὐτὸν: Verbs of will or desire (βουλόμϵνος) with an accusative subject and the infinitive form one of the classes of substantive clauses introduced in English by that (S. 1991.a). λέγϵιν: An object (complimentary) infinitive after the participle βουλόμϵνος (S. 1991). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865). αὐτὸν: Singular, masculine, accusative personal pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is Κέφαλϵ (S. 1204.3). Accusative subject of the infinitive (S. 1972).
ἐκίνουν: First person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative of κινέω (S. 385). Main verb of the (first)complex coordinate clause: ἐγὼ … ἐκίνουν (S. 2162).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses (S. 2868).
ϵἶπον: First person, singular, aorist, active, indicative of ϵἶπον (S. 384). Main verb of the (second) complex coordinate clause: ϵἶπον … κϵκτῆσθαι (S. 2162). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590).
῏Ω Κέφαλϵ: Vocative; the vocative forms an incomplete sentence (S. 1283). ὦ: The exclamation is used with the vocative (S. 1284). The vocative is normally found in the interior of a sentence (S. 1285).
οἶμαί: First person, singular, present, deponent, indicative of οἶμαι (S. 383). Main verb of the complex sentence (S. 2173). The subject ἐγώ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). An Attic contraction of οἴομαι (L.S. οἴομαι). The acute accent on the ultima of the properispomenon is thrown back from the following enclitic σου (S. 183.c). This verb introduces indirect discourse (accusative/infinitive) for the remainder of the sentence (S. 2592.b).
σου: Singular, genitive enclitic form of the personal pronoun σύ (S. 325). Genitive of source after the infinitive ἀποδέχϵσθαι (S. 1410). The enclitic throws its accent back onto the properispomenon οἶμαί (S. 183.c).
τοὺς πολλοὺς ... ἀποδέχϵσθαι: First accusative/infinitive construction in indirect discourse after οἶμαί (S. 2016, 2589). τοὺς πολλούς: Plural, masculine, accusative adjective used substantively with the article meaning “the multitude, the vulgar crowd” (S. 1153.g, 1189). Accusative subject of the infinitive (S. 1972). Socrates does not hold the opinion of “the multitude” in high regard; for example see the Crtio. ἀποδέχϵσθαι: Present, deponent infinitive ἀποδέχομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the indirect discourse. The infinitive represents a finite verb after verbs of saying and thinking; each tense of direct discourse is retained (with its proper meaning as regards stage of action) when it becomes infinitive in indirect discourse (S. 2019, 2022).
ὅταν … λέγῃς: Subordinate temporal clause in indirect discourse after οἶμαί (S. 2383, 2399). Temporal clauses referring indefinitely to the future take either the subjunctive with ἄν or the optative without ἄν (S. 2399).
ὅταν: (= ὅτ´ἄν = ὅτϵ ἄν) Adverb of time, meaning “whenever” introducing the temporal clause; with conditional force, so as to nearly equal ἐάν, referring to an indefinite future (L.S. ὅταν).
ταῦτα: Plural, neuter, accusative demonstrative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is the content of Cephalus’ speech above (S. 1238). Accusative direct object of λέγῃς (S. 1554).
λέγῃς: Second person, singular, present, active, subjunctive of λέγω (S. 383). Main verb of the temporal clause (S. 2173). The subject σύ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). After primary tenses (οἶμαί), all subordinate verbs retain the original mood and tense (S. 2618). The present tense of the subjunctive denotes continual action (S. 1860).
οὐκ: The simple negative particle οὐ is the negative of fact and statement (S. 2688). The -κ is added to οὐ before a smooth breathing (S. 137).
ἀλλ: Adversative conjunction connecting the two accusative/infinitive constructions (S. 2775). Elision of ἀλλὰ (S. 70).
(τοὺς πολλούς) ἡγϵῖσθαί: Second accusative/infinitive construction in indirect discourse after οἶμαί (S. 2016, 2589). τοὺς πολλούς: Carry down the substantive as the accusative subject (S. 1972). ἡγϵῖσθαί: Present, deponent infinitive of ἡγέομαι (S. 385). Main verb of the indirect discourse. The infinitive represents a finite verb after verbs of saying and thinking; each tense of direct discourse is retained (with its proper meaning as regards stage of action) when it becomes infinitive in indirect discourse (S. 2019, 2022). The acute accent on the ultima of the properispomenon is thrown back from the following enclitic σϵ (S. 183.c).
σϵ … φέρϵιν: Accusative/infinitive construction in indirect discourse after ἡγϵῖσθαί (S. 2016, 2589). σϵ: Singular, accusative, enclitic form of the personal pronoun σύ (S. 325). Accusative subject of the infinitive (S. 1972). The enclitic throws its accent back onto the properispomenon ἡγϵῖσθαί (S. 183.c). φέρϵιν: Present, active infinitive of φέρω (S. 383). Main verb of the indirect discourse. The infinitive represents a finite verb after verbs of saying and thinking; each tense of direct discourse is retained (with its proper meaning as regards stage of action) when it becomes infinitive in indirect discourse