Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
Читать онлайн книгу.
1283). ὦ: The exclamation is used with the vocative (S. 1284). The vocative is normally found in the interior of a sentence (S. 1285).
ἀσμϵναίτατα μέντοι αὐτὸ ἀπέφυγον, ὥσπϵρ λυττῶντά τινα καὶ ἄγριον δϵσπότην ἀποφυγών. (329.c)
| ἄγριος, -α, -ον: wild, savage, cruel, harsh, fierce.ἀποφϵύγω: to flee from, escape.ἀσμϵναίτατα: most gladly, most readily.αὐτόν, αὐτήν, αὐτό: him, her, it.δϵσπότης, -ου, ὁ: master, lord, owner. | καί: and.λυττάω: to rave, be mad.μέντοι: really you know, yes, you know.τις, τι: some.ὥσπϵρ: as, just as, as it were. |
ἀσμϵναίτατα: Superlative form of the adverb ἀσμένως (S. 345, 1094).
μέντοι: A postpositive particle from μέν (=μήν) + τοί; when the particle is emphatic μέν denotes objective certainty, while τοι brings the truth home to another person meaning “really you know” (S. 2917-18) (D. μέντοι, pg. 399-400).
αὐτὸ: Singular, neuter, accusative demonstrative pronoun; the antecedent is the previous idea of sexual lusts (S. 1204.3, 1212). Accusative direct object of ἀπέφυγον (S. 1554).
ἀπέφυγον: First person, singular, aorist, active, indicative of ἀποφϵύγω (S. 384). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). In Greek the aorist, which simply states a past occurrence, is often employed where English uses the perfect denoting a present condition resulting from a past action (S. 1940). The subject ἐγώ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).
ὥσπϵρ: The adverb of comparison denotes that the action of the main verb is compared with an assumed case (S. 2087).
λυττῶντά τινα καὶ ἄγριον δϵσπότην: Accusative direct object of the participle ἀποφυγών (S. 1554, 2040). λυττῶντά: Singular, masculine, accusative active participle of λυττάω used as an attributive adjective modifying δϵσπότην (S. 2049). The acute accent on the ultima of the properispomenon is thrown back from the following enclitic τινα (S. 183.c). τινα: Singular, masculine, accusative indefinite pronoun used as an adjective modifying δϵσπότην (S. 1266). The enclitic throws its accent back onto the properispomenon λυττῶντά (S. 183.c). καὶ: The conjunction connects the two adjectives modifying δϵσπότην (S. 2868). ἄγριον: Attributive adjective modifying δϵσπότην (S. 912). δϵσπότην: The noun lacks an article (S. 1126).
ἀποφυγών: Singular, masculine, nominative, aorist, active circumstantial participle of ἀποφϵύγω modifying ἐγώ, the supplied subject of ἀπέφυγον (S. 2054). The aorist tense of the participle denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S.1872.c). The aorist participle is accented as an oxytone (S. 425.b). An acute at the end of a sentence does not change to a grave (S. 154).
ϵὖ οὖν μοι καὶ τότϵ ἔδοξϵν ἐκϵῖνος ϵἰπϵῖν καὶ νῦν οὐχ ἧττον. (329.c)
| δοκέω: to seem.ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ: I, of me.ϵἶπον: to speak.ἐκϵῖνος, -η, -ο: that man, woman, or thing.ϵὖ: well.ἧττον: less. | καί: even; and.νῦν: now, as it is, as the case now stands.οὐ: not.οὖν: well, now.τότϵ: then, at that time. |
ϵὖ: Adverb with ϵἰπϵῖν (S. 341, 345, 1094).
οὖν: The postpositive connecting particle marks a new stage in the sequence of events (S. 2956) (D. οὖν, pg. 425).
μοι: Singular, dative, enclitic form of the personal pronoun ἐγώ (S. 325). Dative of reference; the dative of a pronoun often denotes the person in whose opinion a statement holds good (S. 1496). The enclitic loses its accent after the perispomenon οὖν (S. 183.b).
καὶ: Adverbial use of the particle meaning “even” modifying τότϵ (S. 2881).
τότϵ: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).
ἔδοξϵν: Third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative of δοκέω (S. 385). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: ϵὖ … ϵἰπϵῖν (S. 2162). The moveable -ν is added to third person singular verbs ending in -ϵ when the next word begins with a vowel (S. 134).
ἐκϵῖνος: Singular, masculine, nominative demonstrative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is Σοφοκλϵῖ (S. 1238). Nominative subject of ἔδοξϵν (S. 927).
ϵἰπϵῖν: Aorist, active infinitive of ϵἶπον (S. 529.3). An object (complimentary) infinitive after ἔδοξϵν (S. 1989). The aorist tense of the infinitive denotes simple occurrence (S. 1865.b).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses (S. 2868).
νῦν οὐχ ἧττον: Second coordinate clause; brachylogy of νῦν μοι δοκϵῖ ἐκϵῖνος ϵἰπϵῖν οὐ ἧττον ϵὖ which balances the previous clause (S. 3018.b).
νῦν: Adverb here balancing τότϵ (S. 341, 1094, 2924).
οὐχ: The simple negative particle οὐ is the negative of fact and statement (S. 2688). The -χ is added to οὐ before a rough breathing (S. 137).
ἧττον: Comparative adverb (S. 345, 1094). Attic has -ττ- for -σσ- of Ionic and most other dialects (S. 78).
παντάπασι γὰρ τῶν γϵ τοιούτων ἐν τῷ γήρᾳ πολλὴ ϵἰρήνη γίγνϵται καὶ ἐλϵυθϵρία, ἐπϵιδὰν αἱ ἐπιθυμίαι παύσωνται κατατϵίνουσαι καὶ χαλάσωσι, παντάπασι τὸ τοῦ Σοφοκλέους γίγνϵται· (329.c-d)
| γάρ: for.γϵ: at least, at any rate.γῆρας, -αος, τό: old age.γίγνομαι: to become; be valid.ϵἰρήνη, -ης, ἡ: peace, time of peace.ἐλϵυθϵρία, -ας, ἡ: freedom, liberty.ἐν (+ dat.): in.ἐπϵιδάν: whenever.ἐπιθυμία, -ας, ἡ: desire, yearning, passion, appetite. | καί: and.κατατϵίνω: to rack, torture.παντάπασι: by all means, undoubtedly; altogether, absolutely.παύομαι: to leave off from, rest or cease from.πολύς, πολλή, πολύ: much, great, profound.Σοφοκλέης, -έους, ὁ: Sophocles.τό: the saying.τοιοῦτο, -ου, τό: such a thing.χαλάω: to slacken, loosen. |
παντάπασι: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).
γὰρ: The postpositive particle here functions as a causal conjunction and confirms the truth of the previous statement (S. 2803, 2810).
τῶν γϵ τοιούτων: Genitive of separation with ϵἰρήνη (S. 1392). τοιούτων: Plural, neuter, genitive demonstrative pronoun used substantively with the article; the antecedent is the preceding idea of sexual pleasures (S. 1153.g, 1245). γϵ: The postpositive enclitic particle is here limitative (although old age brings freedom from sexual