1  Cover

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Preface

      5  About the Companion Website

      6  1 Attitudes of Lines and Planes Definitions Structural Elements Structural Grain

      7  2 Outcrop Patterns and Structure Contours Structure Contours The Three‐Point Problem Drawing a Topographic Profile Drawing Cross Sections of Structure Contour Maps Determining Outcrop Patterns with Structure Contours Gently Bent Layers Determining Exact Attitudes from Outcrop Patterns Determining Stratigraphic Thickness in Flat Terrain Determining Stratigraphic Thickness on Slopes Determining Stratigraphic Thickness by Orthographic Projection

      8  3 Stereographic Projection Plotting a Plane Plotting a Line Plotting the Pole to a Plane Line of Intersection of Two Planes Angles of Lines within a Plane Determining True Dip from Strike and Apparent Dip Determining Strike and Dip from Two Apparent Dips

      9  4 Folds and Cross Sections Glossary of Fold Terms Classification by Shape Classification by Orientation Fold Classification Based on Dip Isogons Outcrop Patterns of Folds Cross or Structure Sections of Folded Layers The Arc Method Down‐Plunge Projection

      10  5 Stereographic Analysis of Folded Rocks Beta (β) Diagrams Pi (π) Diagrams Pole Plotter Determining the Orientation of the Axial Plane Using Fold Trace Constructing the Profile of a Fold Exposed in Flat Terrain Determining the Orientation of the Axial Plane Without a Fold Trace Simple Equal‐Area Diagrams of Fold Orientation Contour Diagrams Determining the Fold Style and Interlimb Angle from Contoured Pi Diagrams

      11  6 Rotations and Determining Original Directions in Folded Rocks Rotation of Lines The Two‐Tilt Problem Cones: The Drill‐Hole Problem Unfolding Folds

      12  7 Foliations, Parasitic Folds,and Superposed Folds Foliations Axial Planar, Fanning, and Transecting Foliations Bedding/Cleavage Relations in Folds Parasitic Folds Multiple Deformations Multiple Foliations Superposed Folds

      13  8 Strain Measurements in Ductile Rocks Longitudinal Strain Shear Strain The Strain Ellipse Strain Fields The Coaxial Total Strain Ellipse Measuring Strain in Deformed Objects Strain in Folds Deformed Fossils as Strain Indicators Mohr