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Authority has an 18-month mandate to hold a nationwide Loya Jirga to

       adopt a constitution and a 24-month mandate to hold nationwide

       elections. In December 2002, the TISA marked the one-year

       anniversary of the fall of the Taliban. In addition to occasionally

       violent political jockeying and ongoing military action to root out

       remaining terrorists and Taliban elements, the country suffers from

       enormous poverty, a crumbling infrastructure, and widespread land

       mines.

      Geography Afghanistan

      Location:

       Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran

      Geographic coordinates:

       33 00 N, 65 00 E

      Map references:

       Asia

      Area:

       total: 647,500 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

       land: 647,500 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 5,529 km

       border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,

       Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers

      Terrain:

       mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Amu Darya 258 m

       highest point: Nowshak 7,485 m

      Natural resources:

       natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites,

       sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones

      Land use: arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 87.65% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land:

       23,860 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding;

       droughts

      Environment - current issues:

       limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of

       potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of

       the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building

       materials); desertification; air and water pollution

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

       Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban

       signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous

       Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note:

       landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to

       southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the

       country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan

       Corridor)

      People Afghanistan

      Population:

       28,717,213 (July 2003 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 41.8% (male 6,123,971; female 5,868,013)

       15–64 years: 55.4% (male 8,240,743; female 7,671,242)

       65 years and over: 2.8% (male 427,710; female 385,534) (2003 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 18.9 years

       male: 19.1 years

       female: 18.7 years (2002)

      Population growth rate:

       3.38%

       note: this rate does not take into consideration the recent war and

       its continuing impact (2003 est.)

      Birth rate:

       40.63 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Death rate:

       17.15 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       10.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 142.48 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 138.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)

       male: 145.99 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 46.97 years

       male: 47.67 years

       female: 46.23 years (2003 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       5.64 children born/woman (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       0.01% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       NA

      Nationality:

       noun: Afghan(s)

       adjective: Afghan

      Ethnic groups:

       Pashtun 44%, Tajik 25%, Hazara 10%, minor ethnic groups (Aimaks,

       Turkmen, Baloch, and others) 13%, Uzbek 8%

      Religions:

       Sunni Muslim 84%, Shi'a Muslim 15%, other 1%

      Languages:

       Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily

       Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and

       Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       female: 21% (1999 est.)

       total population: 36%

       male: 51%

      People - note:

       large numbers of Afghan refugees create burdens on neighboring

       states

      Government Afghanistan

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan

       conventional short form: Afghanistan

       local short form: Afghanestan

       former: Republic of

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