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linked only to Iran and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region);

       commercial satellite telephone center in Ghazni

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 7 (6 are inactive; the active station is in Kabul), FM 1,

       shortwave 1 (broadcasts in Pashtu, Afghan Persian (Dari), Urdu, and

       English) (1999)

      Radios:

       167,000 (1999)

      Television broadcast stations: at least 10 (one government-run central television station in Kabul and regional stations in nine of the 32 provinces; the regional stations operate on a reduced schedule; also, in 1997, there was a station in Mazar-e Sharif reaching four northern Afghanistan provinces) (1998)

      Televisions:

       100,000 (1999)

      Internet country code:

       .af

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       1 (2000)

      Internet users:

       NA

      Transportation Afghanistan

      Railways:

       total: 24.6 km

       broad gauge: 9.6 km 1.524-m gauge from Gushgy (Turkmenistan) to

       Towraghondi; 15 km 1.524-m gauge from Termiz (Uzbekistan) to

       Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya (2001)

      Highways: total: 21,000 km paved: 2,793 km unpaved: 18,207 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways: 1,200 km note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT (2001)

      Pipelines:

       gas 651 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Kheyrabad, Shir Khan

      Airports:

       47 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 10 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 under 914 m: 1 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 37 under 914 m: 11 (2002) 914 to 1,523 m: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14

      Heliports: 5 (2002)

      Military Afghanistan

      Military branches:

       NA; note - the December 2001 Bonn Agreement called for all militia

       forces to come under the authority of the central government, but

       regional leaders have continued to retain their militias and the

       formation of a nation army will be a gradual process; Afghanistan's

       forces continue to be factionalized, largely along ethnic lines

      Military manpower - military age:

       22 years of age (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 7,160,603 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 3,837,646 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 275,223 (2003 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $525.2 million (FY02)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       7.7% (FY02)

      Transnational Issues Afghanistan

      Disputes - international:

       thousands of Afghan refugees still reside in Iran and Pakistan;

       isolating terrain and close ties among Pashtuns in Pakistan make

       cross-border activities difficult to control; prolonged regional

       drought strains water-sharing arrangements for Amu Darya and Helmand

       River states

      Illicit drugs:

       world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium poppy -

       used to make heroin - expanded to 30,750 hectares in 2002, despite

       eradication; potential opium production of 1,278 metric tons; source

       of hashish; many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country;

       drug trade source of instability and some government groups profit

       from the trade; 80–90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from

       Afghan opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the

       hawala system

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

      ======================================================================

      @Albania

      Introduction Albania

      Background:

       Between 1990 and 1992 Albania ended 46 years of xenophobic

       Communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The

       transition has proven difficult as corrupt governments have tried to

       deal with high unemployment, a dilapidated infrastructure,

       widespread gangsterism, and disruptive political opponents.

       International observers judged legislative elections in 2001 to be

       acceptable and a step toward democratic development, but identified

       serious deficiencies that should be addressed through reforms in the

       Albanian electoral code.

      Geography Albania

      Location:

       Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea,

       between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro

      Geographic coordinates:

       41 00 N, 20 00 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 28,748 sq km

       water: 1,350 sq km

       land: 27,398 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

       total: 720 km

       border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

       Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km

      Coastline:

       362 km

      Maritime claims:

       continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

       territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate:

       mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers;

       interior is cooler and wetter

      Terrain:

       mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

       highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,753 m

      Natural resources:

       petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel,

       hydropower

      Land use:

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