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- external:

       $784 million (2000)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000 est.)

      Currency:

       lek (ALL)

      Currency code:

       ALL

      Exchange rates:

       leke per US dollar - NA (2002), 143.49 (2001), 143.71 (2000),

       137.69 (1999), 150.63 (1998)

      Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      Communications Albania

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       120,000 (2001)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       250,000 (2001)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: Albania has the poorest telephone service in

       Europe with fewer than two telephones per 100 inhabitants; it is

       doubtful that every village has telephone service

       domestic: obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for

       every village; in 1992, following the fall of the Communist

       government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used

       it to build fences

       international: inadequate; international traffic carried by

       microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 2 (2001)

      Radios:

       1 million (2001)

      Television broadcast stations:

       3 (plus 58 repeaters) (2001)

      Televisions:

       700,000 (2001)

      Internet country code:

       .al

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       10 (2001)

      Internet users:

       12,000 (2001)

      Transportation Albania

      Railways: total: 447 km standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2002)

      Highways:

       total: 18,000 km

       paved: 5,400 km

       unpaved: 12,600 km (2000)

      Waterways:

       43 km

       note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and

       Lake Prespa (1990)

      Pipelines:

       gas 339 km; oil 207 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore

      Merchant marine:

       total: 13 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 21,954 GRT/34,412 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 11, roll on/roll off 1, includes some

       foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:

       Croatia 1, Honduras 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       12 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 4

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 3

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 8

       914 to 1,523 m: 2

       under 914 m: 4 (2002)

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

       over 3,047 m: 1

      Heliports:

       1 (2002)

      Military Albania

      Military branches:

       Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops,

       Border Guards

      Military manpower - military age:

       19 years of age (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 906,168 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 742,837 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 36,985 (2003 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $56.5 million (FY02)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       1.49% (FY02)

      Transnational Issues Albania

      Disputes - international:

       the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the rights of

       ethnic Albanians outside its borders in the Kosovo region of Serbia

       and Montenegro, and in the northern Former Yugoslav Republic of

       Macedonia, while continuing to seek regional cooperation; some

       outside ethnic Albanian groups voice union with Albania

      Illicit drugs:

       increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian

       opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to

       a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for

       Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production;

       ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly

       expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with

       regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal

       aliens

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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      @Algeria

      Introduction Algeria

      Background:

       After a century of rule by France, Algeria became independent in

       1962. The surprising first round success of the fundamentalist FIS

       (Islamic Salvation Front) party in the December 1991 balloting

       caused the army to intervene, crack down on the FIS, and postpone

       the subsequent elections. The fundamentalist response has resulted

       in a continuous low-grade civil conflict with the secular state

       apparatus, which nonetheless has allowed elections featuring

       pro-government and moderate religious-based parties. The FIS's armed

       wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000 and many

       armed militants of other groups surrendered under an amnesty program

       designed to promote national reconciliation. Nevertheless, small

       numbers of armed militants persist in confronting government forces

       and carrying out isolated attacks on villages and other types of

      

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