Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research. Группа авторов

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Pereira de Freitas

      Prof. Kazuhiko Fukushima

      Dr. David Gang

      Dr. Sylvain Guyot

      Prof. Ann E. Hagerman

      Prof. Heidi Halbwirth

      Prof. Amy Howell

      Dr. Stefan Martens

      Dr. Fulvio Mattivi

      Dr. Irene Mueller‐Harvey

      Prof. Stéphane Quideau

      Prof. Jess Dreher Reed

      Dr. Erika Salas

      Prof. Juha‐Pekka Salminen

      Prof. Kathy Schwinn

      Dr. David Vauzour

      Prof. Kristiina Wähälä

       Johan Mendoza and Fernando Pina

       Department of Chemistry, Nova School of Science and Technology, Caparica, Portugal

      A beautiful example of supramolecular chemistry is the structure of the metalloanthocyanin that gives color to Commelina communis (Kondo et al. 1992; Yoshida et al. 2009). An anthocyanin, a flavone, and a metal ion in a ratio 6:6:2 are organized into two parallel plans, each one containing three anthocyanins, three flavones, and one metal ion that organizes the space Figure 1.1.

      There is an alternative to achieve complexity that we coin metamorphosis (Petrov et al. 2012). When a molecule (generator) is able to be transformed into other molecules by means of successive conversions and as a response to external stimuli, new molecules are formed. The complexity results from the number of the species and everything takes place at the bottom.

Schematic illustration of the metalloanthocyanin responsible for the color in Cummelina communis.

      Source: Courtesy of Prof. Kumi Yoshida.

Schematic illustration of the metamorphosis concept in biology and in chemistry applied to anthocyanins and related compounds in acidic medium.

      Source: Reproduced from Mendoza et al. (2018), with permission.

Schematic illustration of the energy level diagram for anthocyanins and related compounds in acidic medium.

      Source: Adapted from Pina 2014a. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons.

      In many flavylium derivatives from natural or synthetic origin, including anthocyanins, it is indispensable to extend the multistate study to basic medium.