Smart Grids and Micro-Grids. Umashankar Subramaniam

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Smart Grids and Micro-Grids - Umashankar Subramaniam


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cell parameters”. Optik, 223, 165277.

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      *Corresponding author: [email protected]

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      Energy Storage System in Microgrid

       Md Waseem Ahmad* and Ravi Raushan

       National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, India

       Abstract

      The energy storage systems (ESS) integrated microgrid have grown attention and acceptance because it has power reliability and sustainable energy utilization capability. Several ESS has been introduced with significant characteristics such as performance, size, life cycle, charging/discharging, safety, reliability, capacity, and cost. This chapter comprehensively reviews the types of ESS technologies, configurations, classifications, features, energy conversion, life cycle, and advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the power electronics converter interfacing the microgrid has also been briefly studied. The present review critically demonstrates the interfacing circuits of ESS to microgrids. The mathematical modeling of bidirectional DC-DC converter interfacing the ESS to DC microgrid is presented developed. Moreover, the modeling and control of VSI interfacing the BESS to a three-phase grid is also demonstrated. The simulation model for both systems is also developed in MATLAB-Simulink. A critical review of the obtained simulation results is presented to show the ability of the DC-DC converter and VSI system for charging the BESS and delivering the power to the microgrid as per the requirement assigned by the higher-level controller of the microgrid.

      Keywords: Energy storage system, microgrid, VSI, bi-directional D-DC converter

      The power management of renewable energy source based microgrid is complicated by virtue of the intermittencies and unpredictability issues of renewable distributed generators. The flexibility in a microgrid can be established with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) having the ability to operate as a load or generator, which can eventually balance the fluctuation in the microgrid and significantly improves the microgrid stability. Depending on the requirement of the microgrid, ESS is required to fulfil the objectives of maintaining grid reliability with reduced microgrid operation costs. Some of the function that may be required to be performed by ESS is listed as follows:

       1. Load-levelling and Peak-shifting: The renewable systems produce energy only during the availability of the natural source regardless of the demand during peak hour. Thus, this difference in energy may lead to


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