New research on the kitchen table. Try this again. Лим Ворд
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current. 2. Spark spark 3. Electrodes. 4. Condenser. 5. Active load, incandescent lamp. Picture on the right. A metal laser. An extended electrical circuit. 1. Nutrition. 2. Areas in the working body of the laser, lattice sites or domains having the same spectrum. 3. The conductor as the working body of a “metallic laser”. 4. Condenser plates like laser mirrors. 5. Schematic representation of the energy levels of interacting particles.
Oddities in a glass jar
An interesting long-standing experiment is the detection of an anomalous attractive force between two plane-parallel plates (in the air).
The so-called Casimir effect is known. Two metal plates, when approaching each other for a distance of thousandths of a millimeter, experience attraction. The explanation of this effect is quantum fluctuations. It turns out that virtual particles can not appear between the plates, whose wavelength does not fit a multiple of the times between the plates of such a resonator.
In this case, in the volume of torsion scales (the basis of which is a glass jar), tangible traction to each other is tested by plates made of any material – plastic, cardboard, metal, etc., the distance between the planes is about four centimeters.
Lighting, even the cold light of a gas discharge lamp, increases the force of attraction.
Earthing of the whole device does not give any result. Static charges have nothing to do with it.
Probably, this phenomenon would have been noticed much earlier, for example, in preparation for the study of the Casimir effect. Presumably, it does not appear in a vacuum. But, nevertheless, the fact that he works in the air environment is also interesting.
Let me also mention (to the point whether?) That in the rubric, something like “Household Phenomena” of the highly respected Discovery Channel, it is discussed for a long time why in the bathroom, your body stubbornly drags along, and the wet curtain sticks. A single answer was never found. Probably, the presented effect has the same nature.
Assumption 1. The air in the space between the plates abruptly cools down, or heats up. In both cases a convective gas motion will occur and, according to the known laws of hydrodynamics, the plates will approach. So, by the way, “ships” are experiencing “mutual attraction”.
But, why is there such a sudden change in temperature?
Assumption 2. Close-lying plates (even non-magnetic ones) are connected by lines of force and structure the space. More ordered air is compressed or expanded – we do not know exactly what it is, and causes the plates to move.
Assumption 3 (consistent with 1). The space between the plates is the place where the interaction between air molecules (gas mixtures) having the same spectrum is most likely. Microparticles discharge photons from orbitals due to resonant quantum induction, a temperature change occurs. The air is moving. Plates act as a primitive resonator. The last assumption is interesting because then, it turns out, any two parallel surfaces (tubes, granules) organize an almost uninterrupted vortex. Yes, friends, two parallel plates that are reduced to a comparatively small distance – this is a miniature, simple Eternal Engine.
Left – torsion balance, top view. Two plates parallel to each other (below), reduced to a distance of less than 4—5 cm, begin to experience mutual attraction. On the right – two plates, a tube, any surfaces forming a narrow (yes, there is such a term) generate an uninterrupted (pulsing) vortex.
Search for order
One of the oldest, but also interesting experiments is the search for orderliness in various physical bodies or processes. According to the principle of Pauli, all matters are internally divided. For example, one atom can not have more than one electron in its composition with certain characteristics. One atom? And the molecule? A biological molecule, with an atomic weight of billions of units? Dust, already discernible to the naked eye? An object that you can weigh in your hand? This science is silent about this. In essence, intuitively representable, any body (first of all, symmetric to itself) is divided into itself into two, and more parts, so that each of these parts has its own, a particular set of energy levels.
1. One of the experiments is the transmission of an electric current through a nichrome or nickel wire. The initial assumption is that such an elongated object as a wire should spontaneously be internally divided into segments with a certain set of energy levels, and possess a pronounced periodic structure. Identify such properties can for example, by observing changes in resistance to electric current.
The course of experience. The nickel wire (from the hot plate) is straightened on the 1 meter section. To reduce the heat release to the level required in the experiment, it is possible to use lat – or simply add one more nickel coil in series. Straightened wire is stretched between two tripods.
The thermosensitive paper from the fax bends in half and is laid on the wire.
The voltage is about 140 V, the current strength is 1 – 1.5A.
After the power is turned on, the wire heats up. Thermal paper detects that the heat is uneven. Areas of stronger heat release, 4—6 cm long, alternate with approximately the same, relatively cold zones.
The current can be constant, variable or pulsating – the effect of this is not on the location of the heating zones.
2. We change the nichrome wire to the trough with acidified, for better electrical conductivity, wet sand. Will ordering appear in this environment that does not have an internal structure?
The length of the gutter is 1.2 m, the width is 4 cm, the layer of sand is 2 cm. Voltage 220 V, AC or DC.
In this case, quite obvious (the sand dries), the increased heating occurs exactly in the middle of the tank. We can say that this physical body divides this boundary into two parts.
3. Cut out a strip of galvanized sheet metal, 1 cm wide, 40 cm long. We carefully remove the oil film from its surface, all the impurities. We dispose in a burette with a solution of hydrochloric acid.
Option – wrap the strip moistened in acid with a cloth.
According to our assumptions, the process of interaction of metal (zinc) with acid should occur faster in certain places of the strip. We can not imagine all the subtleties of the process, the interaction of the energy levels of a metal and an acid, etc. A qualitative result, the periodicity, is important, at least.
…Usually, the strips are divided into three parts, two zones with increased oxidation of zinc. In some cases – in two, one central zone. A certain instability of experiments leads to confusion.
Experiments were also carried out with a galvanized strip in a transparent plastic tube, through which acid was pumped. The assumption that, precisely, the directed flow of the active liquid will form, or exhibit some special zones of corrosion on the plate, was not justified.
The variant of experiments with acid and zinc is a strip of dense tissue, 4 cm by 80 cm, impregnated in a solution of hyposulfite, and evenly spread over the gutter. In approximately 70% of cases, the strip is divided in exactly two. In one of these parts the crystals manifest themselves in full. In the other half, there are no crystals of hyposulfite at all, or they have completely different shapes and sizes.
1. A nickel or nichrome spiral, when a current of 1—1.5 A passes through it, at a voltage of 140 V, reveals local heating zones. Presumably, these are areas of internal separation, inherent in any (as it is isolated from the environment) physical body. 2. Gutter with a conductive mass of wet sand. The capacity is divided in two by the central zone of increased heating. 3. The galvanized plate in a solution of hydrochloric acid is divided into segments. The presence in the acid stream (as an option) shows the zones of increased oxidation faster, but does not change the