EDWARD GIBBON: Historical Works, Memoirs & Letters (Including "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"). Edward Gibbon
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Most probably under the reign of Gordian, from an accidental circumstance fully canvassed by Tillemont, tom. iii. p. 710, 1181.]
* The confederation of the Franks appears to have been formed, 1. Of the Chauci. 2. Of the Sicambri, the inhabitants of the duchy of Berg. 3. Of the Attuarii, to the north of the Sicambri, in the principality of Waldeck, between the Dimel and the Eder. 4. Of the Bructeri, on the banks of the Lippe, and in the Hartz. 5. Of the Chamavii, the Gambrivii of Tacitua, who were established, at the time of the Frankish confederation, in the country of the Bructeri. 6. Of the Catti, in Hessia. — G. The Salii and Cherasci are added. Greenwood’s Hist. of Germans, i 193. — M.]
71 Plin. Hist. Natur. xvi. l. The Panegyrists frequently allude to the morasses of the Franks.]
72 Tacit. Germania, c. 30, 37.]
73 In a subsequent period, most of those old names are occasionally mentioned. See some vestiges of them in Cluver. Germ. Antiq. l. iii.]
74 Simler de Republica Helvet. cum notis Fuselin.]
75 Zosimus, l. i. p. 27.]
76 M. de Brequigny (in the Memoires de l’Academie, tom. xxx.) has given us a very curious life of Posthumus. A series of the Augustan History from Medals and Inscriptions has been more than once planned, and is still much wanted.
Note: M. Eckhel, Keeper of the Cabinet of Medals, and Professor of Antiquities at Vienna, lately deceased, has supplied this want by his excellent work, Doctrina veterum Nummorum, conscripta a Jos. Eckhel, 8 vol. in 4to Vindobona, 1797. — G. Captain Smyth has likewise printed (privately) a valuable Descriptive Catologue of a series of Large Brass Medals of this period Bedford, 1834. — M. 1845.]
77 Aurel. Victor, c. 33. Instead of Poene direpto, both the sense and the expression require deleto; though indeed, for different reasons, it is alike difficult to correct the text of the best, and of the worst, writers.]
78 In the time of Ausonius (the end of the fourth century) Ilerda or Lerida was in a very ruinous state, (Auson. Epist. xxv. 58,) which probably was the consequence of this invasion.]
79 Valesius is therefore mistaken in supposing that the Franks had invaded Spain by sea.]
80 Aurel. Victor. Eutrop. ix. 6.]
81 Tacit. Germania, 38.]
82 Cluver. Germ. Antiq. iii. 25.]
83 Sic Suevi a ceteris Germanis, sic Suerorum ingenui a servis separantur. A proud separation!]
84 Caesar in Bello Gallico, iv. 7.]
85 Victor in Caracal. Dion Cassius, lxvii. p. 1350.]
* The nation of the Alemanni was not originally formed by the Suavi properly so called; these have always preserved their own name. Shortly afterwards they made (A. D. 357) an irruption into Rhaetia, and it was not long after that they were reunited with the Alemanni. Still they have always been a distinct people; at the present day, the people who inhabit the north-west of the Black Forest call themselves Schwaben, Suabians, Sueves, while those who inhabit near the Rhine, in Ortenau, the Brisgaw, the Margraviate of Baden, do not consider themselves Suabians, and are by origin Alemanni.
The Teucteri and the Usipetae, inhabitants of the interior and of the north of Westphalia, formed, says Gatterer, the nucleus of the Alemannic nation; they occupied the country where the name of the Alemanni first appears, as conquered in 213, by Caracalla. They were well trained to fight on horseback, (according to Tacitus, Germ. c. 32;) and Aurelius Victor gives the same praise to the Alemanni: finally, they never made part of the Frankish league. The Alemanni became subsequently a centre round which gathered a multitude of German tribes, See Eumen. Panegyr. c. 2. Amm. Marc. xviii. 2, xxix. 4. — G.
The question whether the Suevi was a generic name comprehending the clans which peopled central Germany, is rather hastily decided by M. Guizot Mr. Greenwood, who has studied the modern German writers on their own origin, supposes the Suevi, Alemanni, and Marcomanni, one people, under different appellations. History of Germany, vol i. — M.]
86 This etymology (far different from those which amuse the fancy of the learned) is preserved by Asinius Quadratus, an original historian, quoted by Agathias, i. c. 5.]
87 The Suevi engaged Caesar in this manner, and the manoeuvre deserved the approbation of the conqueror, (in Bello Gallico, i. 48.)]
88 Hist. August. p. 215, 216. Dexippus in the Excerpts. Legationam, p. 8. Hieronym. Chron. Orosius, vii. 22.]
89 Zosimus, l. i. p. 34.]
90 Aurel. Victor, in Gallieno et Probo. His complaints breathe as uncommon spirit of freedom.]
91 Zonaras, l. xii. p. 631.]
92 One of the Victors calls him king of the Marcomanni; the other of the Germans.]
93 See Tillemont, Hist. des Empereurs, tom. iii. p. 398, &c.]
94 See the lives of Claudius, Aurelian, and Probus, in the Augustan History.]
95 It is about half a league in breadth. Genealogical History of the Tartars, p 598.]
96 M. de Peyssonel, who had been French Consul at Caffa, in his Observations sur les Peuples Barbares, que ont habite les bords du Danube]
97 Eeripides in Iphigenia in Taurid.]
98 Strabo, l. vii. p. 309. The first kings of Bosphorus were the allies of Athens.]