EDWARD GIBBON: Historical Works, Memoirs & Letters (Including "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"). Edward Gibbon
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100 It was reduced by the arms of Agrippa. Orosius, vi. 21. Eu tropius, vii. 9. The Romans once advanced within three days’ march of the Tanais. Tacit. Annal. xii. 17.]
101 See the Toxaris of Lucian, if we credit the sincerity and the virtues of the Scythian, who relates a great war of his nation against the kings of Bosphorus.]
102 Zosimus, l. i. p. 28.]
103 Strabo, l. xi. Tacit. Hist. iii. 47. They were called Camaroe.]
104 See a very natural picture of the Euxine navigation, in the xvith letter of Tournefort.]
105 Arrian places the frontier garrison at Dioscurias, or Sebastopolis, forty-four miles to the east of Pityus. The garrison of Phasis consisted in his time of only four hundred foot. See the Periplus of the Euxine.
Note: Pityus is Pitchinda, according to D’Anville, ii. 115. — G. Rather Boukoun. — M. Dioscurias is Iskuriah. — G.]
106 Zosimus, l. i. p. 30.]
107 Arrian (in Periplo Maris Euxine, p. 130) calls the distance 2610 stadia.]
108 Xenophon, Anabasis, l. iv. p. 348, edit. Hutchinson.
Note: Fallmerayer (Geschichte des Kaiserthums von Trapezunt, p. 6, &c) assigns a very ancient date to the first (Pelasgic) foundation of Trapezun (Trebizond) — M.]
109 Arrian, p. 129. The general observation is Tournefort’s.]
110 See an epistle of Gregory Thaumaturgus, bishop of Neo-Caeoarea, quoted by Mascou, v. 37.]
111 Zosimus, l. i. p. 32, 33.]
* It has preserved its name, joined to the preposition of place in that of Nikmid. D’Anv. Geog. Anc. ii. 28. — G.]
112 Itiner. Hierosolym. p. 572. Wesseling.]
† Now Isnik, Bursa, Mondania Ghio or Kemlik D’Anv. ii. 23. — G.]
113 Zosimus, l.. p. 32, 33.]
114 He besieged the place with 400 galleys, 150,000 foot, and a numerous cavalry. See Plutarch in Lucul. Appian in Mithridat Cicero pro Lege Manilia, c. 8.]
115 Strabo, l. xii. p. 573.]
116 Pocock’s Description of the East, l. ii. c. 23, 24.]
117 Zosimus, l. i. p. 33.]
118 Syncellus tells an unintelligible story of Prince Odenathus, who defeated the Goths, and who was killed by Prince Odenathus.]
119 Voyages de Chardin, tom. i. p. 45. He sailed with the Turks from Constantinople to Caffa.]
120 Syncellus (p. 382) speaks of this expedition, as undertaken by the Heruli.]
121 Strabo, l. xi. p. 495.]
122 Plin. Hist. Natur. iii. 7.]
123 Hist. August. p. 181. Victor, c. 33. Orosius, vii. 42. Zosimus, l. i. p. 35. Zonaras, l. xii. 635. Syncellus, p. 382. It is not without some attention, that we can explain and conciliate their imperfect hints. We can still discover some traces of the partiality of Dexippus, in the relation of his own and his countrymen’s exploits.
Note: According to a new fragment of Dexippus, published by Mai, he 2000 men. He took up a strong position in a mountainous and woods district, and kept up a harassing warfare. He expresses a hope of being speedily joined by the Imperial fleet. Dexippus in rov. Byzantinorum Collect a Niebuhr, p. 26, 8 — M.]
124 Syncellus, p. 382. This body of Heruli was for a long time faithful and famous.]
125 Claudius, who commanded on the Danube, thought with propriety and acted with spirit. His colleague was jealous of his fame Hist. August. p. 181.]
126 Jornandes, c. 20.]
127 Zosimus and the Greeks (as the author of the Philopatris) give the name of Scythians to those whom Jornandes, and the Latin writers, constantly represent as Goths.]
128 Hist. Aug. p. 178. Jornandes, c. 20.]
129 Strabo, l. xiv. p. 640. Vitruvius, l. i. c. i. praefat l vii. Tacit Annal. iii. 61. Plin. Hist. Nat. xxxvi. 14.]
130 The length of St. Peter’s is 840 Roman palms; each palm is very little short of nine English inches. See Greaves’s Miscellanies vol. i. p. 233; on the Roman Foot.
Note: St. Paul’s Cathedral is 500 feet. Dallaway on Architecture — M.]
131 The policy, however, of the Romans induced them to abridge the extent of the sanctuary or asylum, which by successive privileges had spread itself two stadia round the temple. Strabo, l. xiv. p. 641. Tacit. Annal. iii. 60, &c.]
132 They offered no sacrifices to the Grecian gods. See Epistol Gregor. Thaumat.]
133 Zonaras, l. xii. p. 635. Such an anecdote was perfectly suited to the taste of Montaigne. He makes use of it in his agreeable Essay on Pedantry, l. i. c. 24.]