1  Cover

      2  Preface

      3  Glossary

      4  About the Companion Website

      5  1 Geometrical Optics 1.1 Geometrical Optics – Ray and Wave Optics 1.2 Fermat's Principle and the Eikonal Equation 1.3 Sequential Geometrical Optics – A Generalised Description 1.4 Behaviour of Simple Optical Components and Surfaces 1.5 Paraxial Approximation and Gaussian Optics 1.6 Matrix Ray Tracing Further Reading

      6  2 Apertures Stops and Simple Instruments 2.1 Function of Apertures and Stops 2.2 Aperture Stops, Chief, and Marginal Rays 2.3 Entrance Pupil and Exit Pupil 2.4 Telecentricity 2.5 Vignetting 2.6 Field Stops and Other Stops 2.7 Tangential and Sagittal Ray Fans 2.8 Two Dimensional Ray Fans and Anamorphic Optics 2.9 Optical Invariant and Lagrange Invariant 2.10 Eccentricity Variable 2.11 Image Formation in Simple Optical Systems Further Reading

      7  3 Monochromatic Aberrations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Breakdown of the Paraxial Approximation and Third Order Aberrations 3.3 Aberration and Optical Path Difference 3.4 General Third Order Aberration Theory 3.5 Gauss-Seidel Aberrations 3.6 Summary of Third Order Aberrations Further Reading

      8  4 Aberration Theory and Chromatic Aberration 4.1 General Points 4.2 Aberration Due to a Single Refractive Surface 4.3 Reflection from a Spherical Mirror 4.4 Refraction Due to Optical Components 4.5 The Effect of Pupil Position on Element Aberration 4.6 Abbe Sine Condition 4.7 Chromatic Aberration 4.8 Hierarchy of Aberrations Further Reading

      9  5 Aspheric Surfaces and Zernike Polynomials 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Aspheric Surfaces 5.3 Zernike Polynomials Further Reading

      10  6 Diffraction, Physical Optics, and Image Quality 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Eikonal Equation 6.3 Huygens Wavelets and the Diffraction Formulae 6.4 Diffraction in the Fraunhofer Approximation 6.5 Diffraction in an Optical System – the Airy Disc 6.6 The Impact of Aberration on System Resolution 6.7 Laser Beam Propagation 6.8 Fresnel Diffraction 6.9 Diffraction and Image Quality Further Reading

      11  7 Radiometry and Photometry 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Radiometry 7.3 Scattering of Light from Rough Surfaces 7.4 Scattering of Light from Smooth Surfaces 7.5 Radiometry and Object Field Illumination 7.6 Radiometric Measurements 7.7 Photometry Further Reading

      12  8 Polarisation and Birefringence 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Polarisation 8.3 Birefringence 8.4 Polarisation Devices 8.5 Analysis of Polarisation Components 8.6 Stress-induced Birefringence Further