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      Telephones: 122,195 (1993 est.)

      Telephone system: meets minimum requirements for local and

       intercity service for business and government; international service

       is good

       domestic: NA

       international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1985 est.)

       note: radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 1 (1988 est.)

      Televisions: 88,000 (1992 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 11,759,636 females age 15–49: 11,588,181 males fit for military service: 6,291,986 females fit for military service: 6,184,667 males reach military age (18) annually: 473,255 females reach military age (18) annually: 454,786 (1996 est.) note: both sexes liable for military service

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $135 million, NA% of GDP (FY95/96)

      ======================================================================

      @Burundi———

      Map—

      Location: 3 30 S, 30 00 E—Central Africa, east of Zaire

      Flag——

      Description: divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

      Geography————

      Location: Central Africa, east of Zaire

      Geographic coordinates: 3 30 S, 30 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total area: 27,830 sq km

       land area: 25,650 sq km

       comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland

      Land boundaries: total: 974 km border countries: Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      International disputes: none

      Climate: temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands; dry season

       from June to September

      Terrain: hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east,

       some plains

       lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m

       highest point: Mount Heha 2,760 m

      Natural resources: nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat,

       cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium

      Land use:

       arable land: 43%

       permanent crops: 8%

       meadows and pastures: 35%

       forest and woodland: 2%

       other: 12%

      Irrigated land: 720 sq km (1989 est.)

      Environment:

       current issues: soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the

       expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little

       forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for

       fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

       natural hazards: flooding, landslides

       international agreements: party to - Endangered Species; signed, but

       not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of

       the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban

      Geographic note: landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo

       watershed

      People———

      Population: 5,943,057 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 47% (male 1,404,375; female 1,398,228)

       15–64 years: 50% (male 1,454,545; female 1,527,644)

       65 years and over: 3% (male 62,955; female 95,310) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.54% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 43.02 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 15.15 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −12.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

       note: in a number of waves since October 1993, hundreds of thousands

       of refugees have fled the civil strife between the Hutu and Tutsi

       factions in Burundi and crossed into Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zaire;

       the refugee flows are continuing in 1996 as the ethnic violence

       persists

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.97 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 102.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 49.33 years male: 48.28 years female: 50.42 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 6.55 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Burundian(s)

       adjective: Burundi

      Ethnic divisions:

       Africans: Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%

       non-Africans: Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

      Religions: Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%),

       indigenous beliefs 32%, Muslim 1%

      Languages: Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along

       Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

      Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)

       total population: 35.3%

       male: 49.3%

       female: 22.5%

      Government—————

      Name of country:

       conventional long form: Republic of Burundi

       conventional short form: Burundi

       local long form: Republika y'u Burundi

       local short form: Burundi

      Data code: BY

      Type of government: republic

      Capital: Bujumbura

      Administrative divisions: 15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura,

       Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo,

       Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

      Independence: 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship

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