Эволюция потребления. Как спрос формирует предложение с XV века до наших дней. Франк Трентманн
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of Trade (London, 1690), 14–15.
226
Bernard Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees (1714; London, 1989), 68, 69. 58. As does Clunas, Superfluous Things, 146.
227
Daniel Defoe, A Plan of the English Commerce (Oxford, 1728/1927), 77, 144—6. John Cary, An Essay on the State of England (Bristol, 1695), в особенности 147. См. также: Richard C. Wiles, «The Theory of Wages in Later English Mercantilism», Economic History Review, new series, XXI/1 (April 1968), 113—26; Paul Slack, «The Politics of Consumption and England’s Happiness in the Later Seventeenth Century», English Historical Review CXXII, 2007: 609—31; Cosimo Perrotta, Consumption as an Investment I: The Fear of Goods from Hesiod to Adam Smith (London and New York, 2004).
228
Berry, The Idea of Luxury; Perrotta, Consumption as Investment; Maxine Berg and Elizabeth Eger, eds., Luxury in the Eighteenth Century: Debates, Desires and Delectable Goods (Basingstoke, 2003).
229
Michael Kwass, «Consumption and the World of Ideas: Consumer Revolution and the Moral Economy of the Marquis de Mirabeau», Eighteenth-century Studies 37, no. 2, 2004: 187–213. См. также: James Livesey, «Agrarian Ideology and Commercial Republicanism in the French Revolution», Past and Present, no. 157, 1997: 94—121.
230
Montesquieu, L’Esprit des lois (1748), bk VII.
231
David Hume, «Of Refinement in the Arts» (1741), repr. из: Political Essays (Cambridge, 1994), 108, 112. См. также: «Of Commerce», 93—104.
232
Hume, «Of Refinement in the Arts», 107.
233
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), 116. О сторонниках Спинозы см.: Jonathan Israel, Radical Enlightenment (Oxford, 2001). См. также: Annette C. Baier, «David Hume, Spinozist», Hume Studies XIX/2 (Nov. 1993), 237—52.
234
«Novelty, and the Unexpected Appearance of Objects», Henry Home/Lord Kames, Elements of Criticism (London, 1762/1805, I, 211—21, цитата со с. 221. Сравните эссе Аддисона об удовольствиях воображения в Spectator, no. 412.
235
Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (London, 1759), Part IV, гл. 1. Я цитировал 6-е издание 1976 года (1790), 179—87.
236
Smith, Wealth of Nations bk II, гл. 3, 362—7.
237
Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 412 (bk III, гл. 2) и 437—40 (bk III, гл. 4). См. далее: Albert O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph (Princeton, NJ, 1977).
238
William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765—9; 18th edn, 1829, London), II, гл. 1/11.
239
Anne Granville Dewes, quoted in Keith Thomas, The Ends of Life: Roads to Fulfilment in Early Modern England (Oxford, 2009), 127. Также см.: Vickery, Gentleman’s Daughter, 183—94; Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, «Hannah Barnard’s Cupboard: Female Property and Identity in Eighteenth-Century New England», из: Through a Glass Darkly: Reflections on Personal Identity in Early America, eds. Ronald Hoffman, Mechal Sobel & Fredrika J. Teute (Chapel Hill, NC, 1997), 238—73; Sandra Cavallo, «What Did Women Transmit? Ownership and Control of Household Goods and Personal Effects in Early Modern Italy», из: Moira Donald & Linda Hurcombe, eds., Gender and Material Culture in Historical Perspective (Basingstoke, 2000), 38–53.
240
Fredrik Albritton Jonsson, Enlightenment’s Frontier: The Scottish Highlands and the Origins of Environmentalism (New Haven, CT, 2013), 18–26, 237—9.
241
Jonathan Lamb, «The Crying of Lost Things», English Literary History 71, no. 4: 949—67; Mark Blackwell, ed., The Secret Life of Things: Animals, Objects and It-Narratives in Eighteenth-сentury England (Lewisburg, 2007); Julie Park, The Self and It: Novel Objects in Eighteenth-century England (Stan-ford, 2010).
242
Bernard Mandeville, A Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterick Diseases (New York, 1976 repr. of 1730 edn; 1st edn 1711), 233.
243
Fredrik Albritton Jonsson, «The Physiology of Hypochondria in Eighteenth-century Britain», из: Cultures of the Abdomen: Dietetics, Obesity and Digestion in the Modern World, eds. Christopher Forth & Ana CardinCoyne (New York, 2010). Roy Porter, «Consumption: Disease of the Consumer Society?» из: Consumption and the World of Goods, eds. John Brewer & Roy Porter (London and New York, 1993), 58–81.
244
William Winstanley, The New Help to Discourse (London, 1684, 3rd edn), 272, 282, 293—4.
245
Lawrence E. Klein, «Politeness for Plebes», из: John Brewer & Ann Bermingham, eds., The Consumption of Culture, 1600–1800 (London, 1995), 362—82.
246
See Susan Hanley, Everyday Things in Premodern Japan (Berkeley, CA, 1997).
247
Roy Porter, English Society in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1990), 222.
248
The Connoisseur, 1756, цитата из: Robert W. Jones, Gender and the Formation of Taste in Eighteenth-сentury Britain (Cambridge, 1998), 13–14. О культуре вкуса и утонченности см.: John Brewer, The Pleasures of the Imagination (New York, 1997).
249
Thomas Sheraton, Cabinet Dictionary, 1803, цитата из: Amanda Vickery, «Neat and Not Too Showey»: Words and Wallpaper in Regency England», из: Gender, Taste and Material Culture in Britain and North America, 1700–1830, eds. John Styles & Amanda Vickery (New Haven. CT, 2006), 201—24, 216. См. также: Hannah Greig, «Leading the Fashion: The Material Culture of London’s Beau Monde», 293–313.
250
Zheng Yangwen, The Social Life of Opium in China.
251
John Millar, The Origin of the Distinction of Ranks (Edinburgh, 1771/1806), 89, 100–102. См. далее: Mary Catharine Moran, «The Commerce of the Sexes», из: Paradoxes of Civil Society, ed. F. Trentmann (New York, 2000), 61–84, а также: