Эволюция потребления. Как спрос формирует предложение с XV века до наших дней. Франк Трентманн
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Нигерии, см.: Jane I. Guyer, Marginal Gains: Monetary Transactions in Atlantic Africa (Chicago, 2004).
278
Philip D. Curtin, Economic Change in Precolonial Africa: Senegambia in the Era of the Slave Trade (Madison, WI, 1975); Stanley B. Alpern, «What Africans Got for their Slaves: A Master List of European Trade Goods», History in Africa 22, 1995: 5—43; David Eltis, «Trade between Western Africa and the Atlantic World before 1870», Research in Economic History 12, 1989: 197–239; A. G. Hopkins, An Economic History of West Africa (London, 1973); а также Herbert S. Klein, «Economic Aspects of the Eighteenth-сentury Atlantic Slave Trade», из: The Rise of Mer-chant Empires, ed. James D. Tracy (Cambridge 1990), 287–310. Данные Элтиса по Западной Африке демонстрируют меньшую долю железа, чем данные Кёртина, однако тенденции и там, и там одинаковые.
279
Johann Krapf, quoted in Jeremy Prestholdt, «East African Consumerism and the Genealogies of Globalization», PhD thesis, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL) 2003, 93. См.: Jeremy Prestholdt, Domesticating the World: African Consumerism and the Genealogies of Globalization (Berkeley, CA, 2008).
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Цитата в: Elizabeth Elbourne, Blood Ground: Colonialism, Missions and the Contest for Christianity in the Cape Colony and Britain, 1799–1853 (Montreal, 2002), 213.
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Robert Moffat, Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa (London, 1842), 503—7. См. также: Jean Comaroff & John Comaroff, «Colonizing Currencies: Beasts, Banknotes and the Colour of Money in South Africa», из: Commodification: Things, Agency and Identities (The Social Life of Things revisited), eds. Wim van Binsbergen & Peter L. Geschiere (New Brunswick, 2005).
282
Church Missionary Traces: The Village Missionary Meeting, A Dialogue.. (London, 1852).
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John Philip, Researches in South Africa (London, 1828), 72—3.
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T. Fowell Buxton, The African Slave Trade and Its Remedy (London, 1840), 367—73. См. похожие суждения миссионеров CSM о желании иметь мебель и жить в комфорте у коренных индейцев, таких как чокто, Missionary Register 1829, 472.
285
Samuel Crowther, Journal of an Expedition up the Niger and Tshadda Rivers. With a new introduction by J. F. Ade Ajayi (London, 1854/1970), 11.
286
Quoted in Charlotte Sussman, Consuming Anxieties: Consumer Protest, Gender and British Slavery, 1713–1833 (Stanford, CA, 2000), 40.
287
William Fox in 1791, цитата в: Sussman, Consuming Anxieties, 115.
288
Henry Nevinson, A Modern Slavery (London, 1906). Далее см.: Kevin Grant: A Civilised Savagery: Britain and the New Slaveries in Africa, 1884–1926 (New York, 2005); а также Lowell J. Satre, Chocolate on Trial: Slavery, Politics and the Ethics of Business (Athens, OH, 2005). В сентябре 1907 года в Review of Reviews было написано, что любой напиток какао на пятую часть состоит из крови рабов. В конечном итоге Cadbury и другие европейские производители какао договорились не покупать какао-бобы, выращенные на островах.
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Adam Jones & Peter Sebald, An African Family Archive: The Lawsons of Little Popo/Aneho (Togo) 1841–1938 (Oxford, 2005).
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Цитата в: K. Onwuka Dike, Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830—85 (Oxford, 1956), 113—14.
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Joseph Thomson, цитата в: Prestholdt, «East African Consumer-ism», 125.
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Christopher Fyfe, A History of Sierra Leone (Oxford, 1962), 411—68.
293
Dike, Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830—85, 207. 25. Thomas. J. Lewin, Asante before the British: The Prempean Years, 1875–1900 (Lawrence, KS, 1978); а также William Tordoff, Ashanti under the Prempehs, 1888–1935 (London, 1965). См. также: G. Austin, «Vent for Surplus or Productivity Breakthrough? The Ghanaian Cocoa Takeoff, c.1890–1936», из: Economic History Review, Vol. 67, issue 4, 2014: 1035—64; а также E Frankema & M. van Waijenburg, «Structural Impediments to African Growth? New Evi-dence from Real Wages in British Africa, 1880–1965», Centre for Global Economic History working paper no. 24 (2011).
294
Jonathon Glassman, Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856—88 (Portsmouth, NH, 1995).
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Цитата из: Laura Fair, Pastimes and Politics: Culture, Community and Identity in Post-Abolition Urban Zanzibar, 1890–1945 (Athens, OH, 2001), 64, а также см. 64—109 для вышесказанного.
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Lynn Schler, «Bridewealth, Guns and Other Status Symbols: Immigration and Consumption in Colonial Douala», Journal of African Cultural Studies 16, no. 2, 2003: 213—34.
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Marion Johnson, «Cotton Imperialism in West Africa», African Affairs 73, no. 291, 1974: 178—87.
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D. Bavendamm, 1894, цитата из: Birgit Meyer, «Christian Mind and Worldly Matters: Religion and Materiality in the Nineteenth-сentury Gold Coast», из: Richard Fardon, Wim van Binsbergen & Rijk van Dijk, eds., Modernity on a Shoestring: Dimensions of Globalization, Consumption and Development in Africa and Beyond (Leiden, 1999), 167—9.
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Quoted in H. Maynard Smith, Frank: Bishop of Zanzibar: Life of Frank, Weston, D.D. 1871–1924 (London, 1926), 187.
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Klaus J. Bade,