Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
Читать онлайн книгу.
-όν: beautiful, fair, admirable, fine.
καλὴ: Singular, feminine, nominative predicate adjective modifying πομπὴ after ϵἶναι (S. 1040). A predicate adjective stands in the same case as the subject when coupled to it by a copulative verb (S. 918.d).
μὲν οὖν: Two particles used in conjunction, with μέν being a weaker form of μήν. μὲν οὖν has two common uses, expressing a compound force, or (as here) each having its own force (S. 2901). Here μέν points forward to an antithesis to follow (μέντοι) while οὖν (inferential) connects with what precedes marking a new stage in the sequence of events (S. 2901.c) (D. οὖν, pg. 425-426).
μοι: Singular, dative, enclitic form of the personal pronoun ἐγώ (S. 325). Dative of reference; the dative of a pronoun often denotes the person in whose opinion a statement holds good (S. 1496). The enclitic loses its accent after the perispomenon οὖν (S. 183.b).
καὶ: Adverbial use of the particle meaning “also, even” and stressing the idea set out in the words that follow (S. 2881) (D. καί, pg. 293).
ἡ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων πομπὴ: Nominative subject of ἔδοξϵν (S. 927, 938). τῶν ἐπιχωρίων: Genitive of possession or belonging (S. 1297). Attributive genitive; a word or group of words standing between the article and its noun is an attributive (S. 1154, 1161.a).
ἔδοξϵν: Third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative of δοκέω (S. 385). The main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: καλὴ … ϵἶναι (S. 2162). The moveable -ν is added to third person singular verbs ending in -ϵ when the next word begins with a vowel (S. 134).
ϵἶναι: Present infinitive of ϵἰμί (S. 768). An object (complimentary) infinitive after ἔδοξϵν (S. 1989). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865.a).
οὐ μέντοι: The combination of particles is adversative and means “yet not” introducing the second coordinate clause (S. 2919). οὐ: The simple negative particle οὐ is the negative of fact and statement and is generally placed before the word it negates (S. 2688, 2690). μέντοι: A postpositive particle from μέν (= μήν) + τοί; when adversative (“however, yet”) it often marks a contrast or transition (S. 2917-19).
ἧττον: Singular, neuter, adverbial accusative; many accusatives marking limitations of the verbal action serve the same function as adverbs (S. 1606, 1609). Attic has -ττ- for -σσ- of Ionic and most other dialects (S. 78).
ἐφαίνϵτο: Third person, singular, imperfect, passive, indicative of φαίνω (S. 383). The main verb of the (second) complex coordinate clause: οὐ … ἔπϵμπον (S. 2162). The subject ἐκϵῖνη (the antecedent is πομπὴ) is not expressed but implied in the verb (S. 931).
πρέπϵιν: Present, active infinitive of πρέπω (S. 383). An object (complimentary) infinitive after ἐφαίνϵτο (S. 1989). After the passive verb φαίνομαι, the infinitive indicates that a thing appears to be so and so, the participle states the fact that it manifestly is so and so (L. S. φαίνω). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865).
ἣν … ἔπϵμπον: Relative clause (S. 2488-2573).
ἣν: Singular, feminine, accusative relative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is ἐκϵῖνη, the supplied subject of ἐφαίνϵτο (S. 338). Accusative direct object of ἔπϵμπον (S. 1554).
ἔπϵμπον: Third person, plural, imperfect, active, indicative of πέμπω (S. 383). The main verb of the subordinate clause (S. 2173).
οἱ Θρᾷκϵς: Nominative subject of ἔπϵμπον (S. 927, 938).
Προσϵυξάμϵνοι δὲ καὶ θϵωρήσαντϵς ἀπῇμϵν πρὸς τὸ ἄστυ. (327.b)
| ἄπϵιμι: to go away, depart, return.ἄστυ, -ϵως, τό: city, town.δέ: and.θϵωρέω: to observe, view (the public games as spectators). | καί: and.πρός (+ acc.): towards, to.προσϵύχομαι: to offer prayers or vows, worship. |
Προσϵυξάμϵνοι: Masculine, plural, nominative, aorist, deponent, circumstantial participle of προσϵύχομαι modifying ἡμϵῖς, the implied subject of ἀπῇμϵν (S. 2042, 2054). The aorist tense denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.c).
δὲ: Postpositive conjunction connecting this sentence to the previous one; the copulative δέ marks transition, and is the ordinary particle used in connecting successive clauses or sentences which add something new or different, but not opposed, to what precedes, and are not joined by other particles, such as γάρ or οὖν (S. 2835-2836). “As a connective, δέ denotes either pure connection ‘and’, or contrast, ‘but’, with all that lies between” (D. δέ, pg. 162).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the two circumstantial participles (S. 2868).
θϵωρήσαντϵς: Plural, masculine, nominative, aorist, active, circumstantial participle of θϵωρέω modifying ἡμϵῖς, the implied subject of ἀπῇμϵν (S. 2042, 2054). The aorist tense denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.c).
ἀπῇμϵν: First person, plural, imperfect, indicative of ἄπϵιμι (S. 773). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). Although the subject reflects two persons (Socrates and Glaucon), the dual is not used; the dual speaks of dual or a pair, but it is not often used, and the plural (which denotes more than one) is frequently substituted for it (S. 195).
πρὸς τὸ ἄστυ: Prepositional phrase; πρός with the accusative here means “towards, to” (S. 1695.3.a). τὸ ἄστυ: When referring to Athens, the word means “town”, opposed to ἀγρός (“country”), Phalerum or Piraeus (L.S. ἄστυ 2). τὸ: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).
κατιδὼν οὖν πόρωθϵν ἡμᾶς οἴκαδϵ ὡρμημένους Πολέμαρχος ὁ Κϵφάλου ἐκέλϵυσϵ δραμόντα τὸν παῖδα πϵριμϵῖναί ἑ κϵλϵῦσαι. (327.b)
| ἡμϵῖς, ἡμῶν: we, of us.κατϵῖδον: to see, behold, regard.κϵλϵύω: to bid, order, request.Κϵφάλος, ου-, ὁ: Cephalus.ὁ, τοῦ: the (son).οἴκαδϵ: to one’s house or home, homewards.ὁρμάομαι: to set out, rush, hasten. | οὗ, οἷ, ἕ: of him, to him, him.οὖν: so, then, thereupon.παῖς, -δός, ὁ: slave, servant, man.πϵριμένω: to wait for, await.Πολέμαρχος, -ου, ὁ: Polemarchus.πόρρωθϵν: from afar.τρέχω: to run, move quickly. |