Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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classed as a conjunction, signifies that something follows from what precedes. Inferential οὖν marks a transition to a new thought and continues a narrative, resumes an interrupted narration, and in general states a conclusion or inference. It stands alone or in conjunction with other particles (S. 2964) (D. οὖν, pg. 245).
πόρρωθϵν: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).
ἡμᾶς οἴκαδϵ ὡρμημένους: Accusative direct object of the participle κατιδὼν (S. 1554, 2040). ἡμᾶς: Plural, accusative personal pronoun (S. 325). οἴκαδϵ: Adverb; a combination of οἰκα-, an old accusative form, and -δϵ, “to, toward” to denote place whither (S. 342, 1094). Adverbs, rather than adjectives, modify participles (S. 2040). ὡρμημένους: Plural, masculine, accusative, perfect, middle, circumstantial participle of ὁρμάω modifying ἡμᾶς (S. 2054). The perfect participle denotes completion with permanent result (S. 1872.d).
ἐκέλϵυσϵ: Third person, singular, aorist, active, indicative of κϵλϵύω (S. 383). Main verb of the complex sentence (S. 2173).
δραμόντα τὸν παῖδα … κϵλϵῦσαι: Accusative subject with the infinitive after ἐκέλϵυσϵ (S. 1465, 1972). δραμόντα τὸν παῖδα: Accusative subject of the infinitive (S. 1972). δραμόντα: Singular, masculine, accusative, aorist, active, circumstantial participle of τρέχω modifying παῖδα (S. 2054). The aorist tense denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.c). κϵλϵῦσαι: Aorist, active infinitive of κϵλϵύω (S. 383). The aorist tense of the infinitive denotes simple occurrence (S. 1865.b).
πϵριμϵῖναί (ἡμᾶς): Aorist, active infinitive from πϵριμένω (S. 402). Infinitive after κϵλϵῦσαι (S. 1465, 1972). The aorist tense of the infinitive denotes simple occurrence (S. 1865.b). The acute accent on the ultima syllable of the properispomenon is thrown back from the following enclitic form ἑ (S. 183.C). ἡμᾶς: Supply ἡμᾶς (“us”) as the accusative subject of πϵριμϵῖναί (S. 1972, 3017).
ἑ: Third person, singular, accusative, enclitic pronoun (S. 325). Accusative direct object of the infinitive πϵριμϵῖναί (S. 1554, 1967). The pronoun is used as an indirect reflexive referring back to Πολέμαρχος, the subject of the main clause (S. 1229). The enclitic throws back its accent onto the previous properispomenon πϵριμϵῖναί (S. 183.c).
In the reminder of the dialogue, Plato uses certain verbs to introduce direct speech, or oratio recta. These verbs of saying include ἔφη, “he said”, ἦ δ´ὅς, “and he said”, ἦν δ´ἐγώ, “and I said”, and other similar verbs. In order to simplify explanations, this text will label them as introducing oratio recta and treat their basic function as simply noting the change of speakers with no grammatical significance.
καί μου ὄπισθϵν ὁ παῖς λαβόμϵνος τοῦ ἱματίου, Κϵλϵύϵι ὑμᾶς, ἔφη, Πολέμαρχος πϵριμϵῖναι. (327.b)
| ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ: I, of me.ἱμάτιον, -ου, τό: an outer garment, cloak, mantle.καί: and.κϵλϵύω: to bid, order, request.λαμβάνομαι: to take hold of, lay ahold of, grasp, seize.ὄπισθϵν (+ gen.): behind. | παῖς, -δός, ὁ: a slave, servant, man.πϵριμένω: to wait for, await.Πολέμαρχος, -ου, ὁ: Polemarchus.ὑμϵῖς, ὑμῶν: you (all), of you (all).φημί: to say. |
καί: The conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one (S. 2868). The oxytone, followed by an enclitic, retains its accent and does not change from the acute to grave (S. 154.a).
μου ὄπισθϵν: Prepositional phrase; the adverb ὄπισθϵν, used as a preposition with the genitive, means “behind” (S. 1700). μου: Singular, genitive, enclitic form of the personal pronoun ἐγώ (S. 325). The enclitic loses its accent after the oxytone καί (S. 183.a). ὄπισθϵν: The preposition follows its case (L.S. ὄπισθϵν 2).
ὁ παῖς λαβόμϵνος: Nominative subject of ἔφη (S. 927, 938). λαβόμϵνος: Singular, masculine, nominative, aorist, middle circumstantial participle of λαμβάνω modifying παῖς (S. 2054). The aorist tense denotes simple occurrence and the action set forth is generally antecedent to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.c).
τοῦ ἱματίου: Partitive genitive with λαβόμϵνος; a verb may be followed by the partitive genitive if the action affects the object only in part. If the entire object is affected, the verb in question takes the accusative (S. 1341, 2040).
Κϵλϵύϵι: Third person, singular, present, active, indicative of κϵλϵύω (S. 383). Main verb of the complex sentence (S. 2173).
ὑμᾶς … πϵριμϵῖναι: Accusative subject with the infinitive after ἐκέλϵυσϵ (S. 1465, 1972). ὑμᾶς: Plural, accusative of the personal pronoun ὑμϵῖς (S. 325). Accusative subject of the infinitive (S. 1972). πϵριμϵῖναι: Aorist, active infinitive from πϵριμένω (S. 402). The aorist tense of the infinitive denotes simple occurrence (S. 1865.b).
ἔφη: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of φημί (S. 783). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590).
Πολέμαρχος: Nominative subject of Κϵλϵύϵι (S. 927, 938). Names of persons are individual and therefore omit the article unless previously mentioned or specially marked as well known (S. 1136).
καὶ ἐγὼ μϵτϵστράφην τϵ καὶ ἠρόμην ὅπου αὐτὸς ϵἴη. (327.b)
| αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό: (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself.ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ: I, of me.ϵἰμί: to be.ἔρομαι: to ask, enquire. | καί: and.μϵταστρέφομαι: to turn oneself about, turn about or around.ὅπου: where.τϵ καί: and. |
καὶ: The conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one (S. 2868).
ἐγὼ: Singular, nominative of the personal pronoun ἐγώ (S. 325). Nominative subject of both μϵτϵστράφην and ἠρόμην (S. 927, 938). The personal pronoun is usually omitted unless emphatic (here changing subjects) (S. 1190).
μϵτϵστράφην: First person, singular, aorist, passive, indicative of μϵταστρέφω (S. 383). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: καὶ … μϵτϵστράφην (S. 2162).
τϵ καὶ: The combination of particles form a conjunction connecting the two coordinate clauses (S. 2974). τϵ: The anticipatory particle τϵ is sometimes placed adjacent to καὶ (S. 2974). The monosyllabic enclitic loses its accent after a paroxytone μϵτϵστράφην (S. 183.d).
ἠρόμην: First person, singular, aorist, deponent, indicative of ἔρομαι (S. 384). The main verb of the (second) complex coordinate clause: ἠρόμην … ϵἴη (S. 2162).
ὅπου αὐτὸς ϵἴη: Indirect question after ἠρόμην (S. 2663).
ὅπου: Indirect interrogative introducing the indirect question (S. 346).
αὐτὸς: Singular, masculine, nominative emphatic