Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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to wait, stand still.προσέρχομαι: to approach, draw close, be close at hand.φημί: to say.
Οὗτος: Singular, masculine, nominative demonstrative pronoun used substantively; the antecedent is Πολέμαρχος (S. 1238). Nominative subject of προσέρχϵται (S. 927, 938).
ἔφη: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of φημί (S. 783). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590). The subject ἐκϵῖνος (the antecedent is ὁ παῖς) is not expressed but implied in the verb (S. 931).
ὄπισθϵν: Adverb (S. 341, 1094). The -θϵν suffix denotes the place whence (S. 342).
προσέρχϵται: Third person, singular, present, deponent, indicative of προσέρχομαι (S. 383). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903).
ἀλλὰ: The adversative conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one; it is often used before commands (S. 2784.c). It here marks a transition from arguments for action to a statement of the action required (D. ἀλλά, pg. 14).
πϵριμένϵτϵ: Second person, plural, present imperative of πϵριμένω (S. 383). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The present tense of the imperative denotes continued action (S. 1864.a). The subject ὑμϵῖς (“you all”) is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). Although there are two persons being addressed (Socrates and Glaucon), the dual is not used; the dual speaks of dual or a pair, but it is not often used, and the plural (which denotes more than one) is frequently substituted for it (S. 195).
Άλλὰ πϵριμϵνοῦμϵν, ἦ δ´ ὃς ὁ Γλαύκων. (327.b)
| ἀλλά: well, but of course, why yes.Γλαύκων, Γλαύκωνος, ὁ: Glaucon.δέ: and. | ἠμί: to say.ὅς, ἥ, ὅ: he, she, it; this, that.πϵριμένω: to wait, stand still. |
Άλλὰ: Conjunction connecting this sentence with the previous one; the assentient use of the particle marks “practical consent, expression of willingness to act in a required way. The first speaker usually speaks in the imperative, the second usually in the future indicative …” (S. 2784) (D. ἀλλά, pg. 17).
πϵριμϵνοῦμϵν: First person, plural, future, active, indicative of πϵριμένω (S. 383, 535). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). Although the subject reflects two persons (Socrates and Glaucon), the dual is not used; the dual speaks of dual or a pair, but it is not often used, and the plural (which denotes more than one) is frequently substituted for it (S. 195).
ἦ δ´ὅς: This phrase introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590). ἦ: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of ἠμί (S. 792). Main verb of the introductory phrase (S. 903). The irregular verb only occurs in the present and imperfect 1st and 3d singular (= Latin inquam, inquit) (S. 792). δ´: Postpositive conjunction connecting this sentence with the previous one; the copulative δέ marks transition, and is the ordinary particle used in connecting successive clauses or sentences which add something new or different, but not opposed, to what precedes, and are not joined by other particles, such as γάρ or οὖν (S. 2835-2836). “As a connective, δέ denotes either pure connection ‘and’, or contrast, ‘but’, with all that lies between” (D. δέ, pg. 162). An elision of δὲ (S. 70). ὃς: Singular, masculine, nominative relative pronoun used substantively meaning “he” (S. 338, 1113). Nominative subject of ἦ (S. 927, 938). The relative pronoun ὃς is occasionally used as a demonstrative pronoun (S. 338.b, 1113).
ὁ Γλαύκων: Nominative noun in apposition to ὃς (S. 988). The article is normally omitted with proper names unless previously mentioned (S. 1136).
καὶ ὀλίγῳ ὕστϵρον ὅ τϵ Πολέμαρχος ἧκϵ καὶ Άδϵίμαντος ὁ τοῦ Γλαύκωνος ἀδϵλφὸς καὶ Νικήρατος ὁ Νικίου καὶ ἄλλοι τινές, ὡς ἀπὸ τῆς πομπῆς. (327.c)
| Άδϵίμαντος, -ου, ὁ: Adeimantus.ἀδϵλφός, -οῦ, ὁ: brother.ἄλλοι, -ων, οἱ: other men.ἀπό (+ gen.): from, away from.Γλαύκων, Γλαύκωνος, ὁ: Glaucon.ἥκω: to have come, be present, be here.καί: and.Νικήρατος, -ου, ὁ: Niceratus.Νικίος, -ου, ὁ: Nicias. | ὁ, τοῦ: the (son).ὀλίγῳ: a little, slightly, little.Πολέμαρχος, -ου, ὁ: Polemarchus.πομπή, -ῆς, ἡ: solemn procession, procession.τϵ … καί: and.τις, τι: some.ὕστϵρον: later, afterwards.ὡς: as. |
καὶ: The conjunction connects this sentence with the previous one (S. 2868).
ὀλίγῳ: Adverb; the singular, masculine, dative of the adjective ὀλίγος is used as an adverb (S. 341, 1094). The noun χρόνῳ (“time”) is understood (L.S. ὀλίγος 3). The dative ὀλίγῳ, instead of the neuter form ὀλίγον, is used with the comparative (S. 1514, 1586).
ὕστϵρον: Comparative adverb (S. 341, 345, 1094).
ὅ … Πολέμαρχος: First nominative subject of ἧκϵ (S. 927, 938). ὅ: The acute accent on the proclitic is thrown back from the enclitic τϵ (S. 180.d). The article is normally omitted with proper names unless previously mentioned (S. 1136).
τϵ … καὶ: The conjunction connects the first and second nominatives Πολέμαρχος … Άδϵίμαντος (S. 2974). The anticipatory particle τϵ is often separated from καί by one or more words (S. 2974). When the postpositive particle is preparatory, it is normally placed second in the sentence or clause (D. τϵ, pg. 515). τϵ: The enclitic throws back its accent onto the previous proclitic ὅ (S. 180.d).
ἧκϵ: Third person, singular, imperfect, active, indicative of ἥκω (S. 383). Main verb of the complex sentence (S. 2173). Singular verb with four subjects; the verb may agree with the nearest or most important of two or more subjects. The verb may be placed after the first subject (S. 966).
Άδϵίμαντος: Second nominative subject of ἧκϵ (S. 927, 938). Names of persons are individual and therefore omit the article unless previously mentioned or specially marked as well known (S. 1136).
ὁ τοῦ Γλαύκωνος ἀδϵλφὸς: Nominative noun phrase in apposition to the proper noun Άδϵίμαντος (S. 987). τοῦ Γλαύκωνος: Genitive of possession or belonging with ἀδϵλφὸς (S. 1297). Attributive genitive; a word or group of words standing between the article and its noun is an attributive (S. 1154, 1161.a).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the second and third nominatives Άδϵίμαντος … Νικήρατος (S. 2868).
Νικήρατος ὁ Νικίου: Third nominative subject of ἧκϵ (S. 927, 938). Νικήρατος: Names of persons are individual and therefore omit the article unless previously mentioned or specially marked as well known (S. 1136). ὁ: The definite article following the noun is in apposition to Νικήρατος and is an ellipsis of ὁ υἱός (“the son”) (S. 987, 1301). Νικίου: Genitive of possession or belonging with ὁ