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      Gas Leakage Detection from Drainage to Offer Safety for Sanitary Workers

       Dr. D. Jeyabharathi1*, Dr. D. Kesavaraja2 and D. Sasireka3

       1 Assistant professor, Department of Information Technology, Sri Krishna College of Technology, Coimbatore

       ² Associate professor, Dept. of CSE, Dr Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, India

       ³ Research Scholar, VV College of Engineering, Tisaiyanvillai, India

       Abstract

      A drainage system is an arrangement to move liquids away from where they are not required for disposal in appropriate locations. A drainage system can include anything from gutters and drains in houses to remove rain water, storm water systems to drain rainwater from roads into roadside drains and drainage systems to remove sewage from houses into municipal sewers for disposal. Within the medical industry, drainage systems can mean methods to drain unwanted fluids from the body, such as pus from wounds, and colostomy bags to remove body wastes and fluids from internal abscesses and ulcers. Within engineering it can mean systems for removing spent oil, coolant liquids and by-products from industry referred to as industrial waste.

      Gas leaks are a serious hazard that can cause harm to workers, buildings and the environment. Detecting leaked gas can help to reduce these risks. Gases such as Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Methane (CH4) are some of the hazardous gases present in underground drainage systems. These gases are very harmful to human beings and may lead to death. To avoid those problems, we have proposed a gas leakage detection system.

      Keywords: Sewer gas detection, crack detection

3.1 Introduction

      3.1.1 IOT-Based Sewer Gas Detection

      A drainage system is a system that forms wastewater from various patterns such as streams, rivers, and lakes. The function of a drainage system goes beyond the removal of wastewater. During this time many deaths will occur due to sewer gases leakage from wastage.

      Drainage systems must also be designed to prevent backflow, while keeping sewer gases away from indoor spaces. The expression “sewer gas” is utilized to portray the blend of gases discharged by sewage, and singular gases can be poisonous or non-harmful.

Many sewer gases are scentless, and the trademark smell when they break can be credited to hydrogen sulfide. This gas is likewise poisonous and combustible, which makes it risky in higher fixations. Once sewer gases can be smelled in a structure conditions could be hazardous or unsanitary. Since sewer gas contains methane gas (CH4) there is a danger of a blast peril or even deadly suffocation.

      In addition, some writers opine that there are possible health hazards from sewer gas exposure, such as a bacterial infection of the sinuses (which can occur due to any sinus irritation). Contingent upon the sewer gas source and different factors, for example, mugginess and building and climate conditions, spores may form and may likewise be present in sewer gases.

      In a little over a year, more than 20 workers have died in sewers. It affects human life and such workers put their lives at risk. This is because of the lack of adequate emergency facilities available in our country.

      To improve this, there is a need to alert the emergency services to investigate the sewer gas leakage as soon as possible when the risk factor is high. That is, to find the risk level in the sewer gas leakage based on thresholding and give the alert once it exceeds it. With the help of IoT sensors, when the situation is abnormal, people’s lives can be saved. So, IoT-based sewer gas leakage detection and prevention is essential.

      The Internet of Things (IoT) is an arrangement of interrelated computing gadgets, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or individuals that are given one kind of a identifier and the capacity to exchange information over a system without requiring human to human intervention. Using IoT technique, an automatic sewer gas leakage detection and prevention system can be built [10–23].

       3.1.1.1 IoT Sensors

      Compared to hardware equipment, sensors are getting simpler to collect data and less expensive. Whether using sounds, vibrations, images, electrical signals or accelerometer or other kinds of sensor data, richer analytics can be built by teaching a machine to detect and classify events happening in real time, at the edge, using an inexpensive microcontroller for processing—even with noisy, high variation data.

      Sensor datas such as sounds, vibrations, images, electrical signals or accelerometer or other kinds of sensor datas are collected and trained by various classifiers. The classifier Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Networks (NN) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN) can be used to train the data.

      The proposed system estimates the risk factor in sewer gas leakage. Hence it provides a cheaper solution than other existing mechanisms and is well suited for real-time applications.

      3.1.2 Objective

      The main objective of this project is to monitor the level of toxic gases present in the drainage.

3.1.3 Contribution of this Chapter

      The following are the contribution of this chapter:

      3.1.4 Outline of the Chapter

      The rest of this thesis is organized as follows.

      Section 3.2 discusses the previous works related to crack and sewer gas leakage level detection.