Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter
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-ν is added to the third person singular ending in -ϵ at the end of a clause (S. 135).
ἔφη: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of φημί (S. 783). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590).
μϵνϵτέον ϵἶναι: The infinitive phrase functions as the subject of the quasi-impersonal ᾿Έοικϵν (S. 1984). μϵνϵτέον: The verbal adjective in -τέος is used with the copula ἐιμί and expresses necessity (here there is no dative of agent) (S. 2149). Singular, neuter, nominative; the neuter nominative stands in the impersonal, active construction and means “one must remain” (S. 2149-52, 2150.a). ϵἶναι: Present infinitive of ϵἰμί (S. 768). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865).
Άλλ´ϵὶ δοκϵῖ, ἦν δ´ ἐγώ, οὕτω χρὴ ποιϵῖν. (328.b)
| ἀλλά: well, oh well.δέ: and.δοκέω: to seem, to seem good.ἐγώ, ἐμοῦ: I, of me.ϵἰ: if. | ἠμί: to say.οὕτω: in this way or manner, so, thus.ποιέω: to do.χρή: it is necessary, one must or ought. |
Άλλ´: Assentient use of the conjunction; agreement is presented, not as self-evident, but as wrung from the speaker in spite of himself (S. 2784.b) (D. ἀλλά, pg. 16). Elision of Άλλὰ (S. 70).
ϵἰ δοκϵῖ … χρὴ: A simple, present conditional statement; the protasis is formed by the conjunction ϵἰ with the indicative and the apodosis by the indicative (S. 2298).
ϵἰ δοκϵῖ: The protasis of the conditional statement (S. 2282).
ϵἰ: The conjunction introduces the protasis (S. 2282).
δοκϵῖ: Third person, singular, present, active, indicative of δοκέω (S. 385). Quasi-impersonal use of the verb meaning “it seems good”; carry down the infinitive phrase μϵνϵτέον ϵἶναι as the subject (S. 1984-85). Main verb of the protasis (S. 2173).
ἦν δ´ ἐγώ: This phrase introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590). ἦν: First person, singular, imperfect, indicative of ἠμί (S. 792). Main verb of the introductory phrase (S. 903). The irregular verb only occurs in the present and imperfect 1st and 3d singular (= Latin inquam, inquit) (S. 792). δ´: Postpositive conjunction connecting this sentence with the previous one; the copulative δέ marks transition, and is the ordinary particle used in connecting successive clauses or sentences which add something new or different, but not opposed, to what precedes, and are not joined by other particles, such as γάρ or οὖν (S. 2835-2836). “As a connective, δέ denotes either pure connection ‘and’, or contrast, ‘but’, with all that lies between” (D. δέ, pg. 162). An elision of δὲ (S. 70). ἐγώ: Singular, nominative of the personal pronoun ἐγώ (S. 325). Nominative subject of ἦν (S. 927, 938). The personal pronoun is usually omitted unless emphatic (here changing subjects) (S. 1190). An acute, when not immediately followed by another word, does not change to a grave (S. 154).
οὕτω χρὴ ποιϵῖν: The apodosis of the conditional statement (S. 2280).
οὕτω: Demonstrative adverb of manner (S. 346, 1094). The final sigma of οὕτως is dropped before a consonant (S. 136).
χρὴ {(ἐστί) = (χρή ἐστι)}: The main verb of the apodosis of the conditional statement (S. 2173). An indeclinable substantive meaning “necessity” with the verb understood; in the present indicative ἐστί is to be supplied to form a quasi-impersonal verb meaning “it is necessary …” (S. 793, 933). The following infinitive functions as the subject of the quasi-impersonal expression (S. 1984-85).
ποιϵῖν: Present, active infinitive of ποιέω (S. 385). The infinitive phrase functions as the subject of the quasi-impersonal χρὴ (S. 1984). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865).
I.2: The discussion between Socrates and Cephalus on old age and wealth. (328.b-331.b)
I.2.A: Socrates and Glaucon fall in with Polemarchus and his friends and arrive at Cephalus’ house. Cephalus, who had been sacrificing in the courtyard, greets Socrates kindly. (328.b-328.d)
II. ῏Ηιμϵν οὖν οἴκαδϵ ϵἰς τοῦ Πολϵμάρχου, καὶ Λυσίαν τϵ αὐτόθι κατϵλάβομϵν καὶ Εὐθύδημον, τοὺς τοῦ Πολϵμάρχου ἀδϵλφούς, καὶ δὴ καὶ Θρασύμαχον τὸν Χαλκηδόνιον καὶ Χαρμαντσδην τὸν Παιανιέα καὶ Κλϵιτοφῶντα τὸν᾿Αριστωνύμου·(328.b)
| ἀδϵλφός, -οῦ, ὁ: brother.Αριστώνυμος, -ου, ὁ: Aristonymus.αὐτόθι: on the spot.ϵἶμι: to come, go.ϵἰς (+ acc.): to (the house), into (the house).Εὐθύδημος, -ου, ὁ: Euthydemus.Θρασύμαχος, -ου, ὁ: Thrasymachus.καί: and.καὶ δὴ καί: and especially, and in particular, and what is more.καταλαμβάνω: to find on arrival.Κλϵιτοφῶν, -οντος, ὁ: Cleitophon. | Λυσίας, -ου, ὁ: Lysias.ὁ, τοῦ: the (son).ὁ, ἡ, τό: the.οἴκαδϵ: to one’s house, home, or country, homewards.οὖν: therefore, accordingly.Παιανιέος, -α, -ον: of the deme Paeania.Πολέμαρχος, -ου, ὁ: Polemarchus.τϵ … καί: and.Χαλκηδόνιος, -α, -ον: Chalcedoian, from Chalcedon.Χαρμαντίδης -ου, ὁ: Charmantides. |
῏Ηιμϵν: First person, plural, imperfect, indicative of ϵἶμι (S. 773). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: ῏Ηιμϵν … Πολϵμάρχου (S. 2162). The subject ἡμϵῖς is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).
οὖν: The postpositive (normally second position) inferential particle, usually classed as a conjunction, signifies that something follows from what precedes. Inferential οὖν marks a transition to a new thought and continues a narrative, resumes an interrupted narration, and in general states a conclusion or inference. It stands alone or in conjunction with other particles (S. 2964) (D. οὖν, pg. 425).
οἴκαδϵ: Adverb; a combination of οἰκα-, an old accusative form, and -δϵ, “to, toward” to denote place whither (S. 342, 1094).
ϵἰς τοῦ Πολϵμάρχου: Elliptical preposition phrase; ϵἰς with the accusative here means “to, into” (S. 1686.1.a). The accusative of the word for dwelling (οἰκίαν “house”, δόμον “house”, and also ἱϵρόν “temple”) may be omitted after ϵἰς (S. 1302). τοῦ Πολϵμάρχου: Genitive of possession or belonging with the suppressed accusative noun (S. 1297).
καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses (S. 2868).
Λυσίαν: First accusative direct object of κατϵλάβομϵν (S. 1554). Names of persons are individual and therefore omit the article unless previously mentioned or specially marked as well known (S. 1136).
τϵ … καὶ: The conjunction connects the two accusative nouns Λυσίαν … Εὐθύδημον (S. 2974). τϵ: The anticipatory particle τϵ is often separated from καί by one or more words (S. 2974). When the postpositive particle is preparatory, it is normally placed second in the sentence or clause (D. τϵ, pg. 515). The enclitic particle loses its accent after